Table 1. Association of factors with (i) wanting to start ART for modest health benefit* and (ii) wanting to start ART to reduce infectiousness* among 281 ART naïve people with CD4≥350/cells/µL.
| N | n (%) who agree with (i) would start for modest health benefit | P value | n (%) who agree with (ii) Would start to reduce infectiousness | P value | ||
| TOTAL | 281 | 139 (49.5) | 127 (45.2) | |||
| Gender/Sexuality group | MSM | 239 | 113 (47.3) | 0.080 | 103 (43.1) | 0.092 |
| Heterosexual men and women | 42 | 26 (61.9) | 24 (57.1) | |||
| Ethnicity | White | 214 | 101 (47.2) | 0.17 | 94 (43.9) | 0.44 |
| Black African/other ethnicity | 67 | 38 (56.7) | 33 (49.3) | |||
| Born in UK? | Yes | 170 | 80 (47.1) | 0.48 | 77 (45.3) | 0.82 |
| No | 107 | 55 (51.4) | 47 (43.9) | |||
| Age group (Years) | ≤30 | 44 | 19 (43.2) | 0.64 | 21 (47.7) | 0.88 |
| 30–50 | 196 | 100 (51.0) | 90 (45.9) | |||
| >50 | 31 | 15 (48.4) | 13 (41.9) | |||
| Employment | Employed | 209 | 98 (46.9) | 0.14 | 93 (44.5) | 0.69 |
| Other | 72 | 41 (56.9) | 34 (47.2) | |||
| Education | Uni education | 130 | 65 (50.0) | 0.78 | 62 (47.7) | 0.42 |
| Other | 147 | 71 (48.3) | 63 (42.9) | |||
| ‘Money to cover basic needs?’ (financial hardship) | Yes, always | 126 | 50 (39.7) | 0.004 trend | 53 (42.1) | 0.22 trend |
| Yes, mostly | 82 | 44 (53.7) | 38 (46.3) | |||
| Yes, sometimes | 43 | 24 (55.8) | 18 (41.9) | |||
| No | 27 | 18 (66.7) | 16 (59.2) | |||
| Stable partner | Yes, HIV +ve | 67 | 33 (49.3) | 0.19 | 25 (37.3) | 0.30 |
| Yes, HIV –ve | 75 | 31 (41.3) | 37 (49.3) | |||
| No partner | 138 | 75 (54.3) | 65 (47.1) | |||
| Have children | Yes | 43 | 26 (60.5) | 0.12 | 22 (51.2) | 0.41 |
| No | 237 | 113 (47.7) | 105 (44.3) | |||
| Social support group (measure of supportive relationships, modified Duke UNC FSSQ) | 1: High | 79 | 31 (39.2) | 0.017 trend | 31 (39.2) | 0.76 trend |
| 2–4 | 171 | 89 (52.0) | 85 (49.7) | |||
| 5: Low | 27 | 17 (63.0) | 9 (33.3) | |||
| Time since HIV diagnosis | ≤3 months | 30 | 17 (56.7) | 0.019 trend | 14 (46.7) | 0.001 trend |
| 3 months–2 years | 91 | 52 (57.1) | 53 (58.2) | |||
| 2–5 years | 79 | 36 (45.6) | 38 (48.1) | |||
| >5 years | 78 | 31 (39.7) | 21 (26.9) | |||
| CD4 count/cells/µL from clinic records | 350–499 | 99 | 54 (54.5) | 0.090 trend | 43 (43.4) | 0.46 trend |
| 500–699 | 107 | 54 (50.5) | 47 (43.9) | |||
| ≥700 | 75 | 31 (41.3) | 37 (49.3) | |||
| Smoking status | Current | 122 | 60 (49.2) | 0.92 | 53 (43.4) | 0.61 |
| Ex | 68 | 35 (51.5) | 29 (42.6) | |||
| Never | 91 | 44 (48.4) | 45 (49.5) | |||
| Heavy drinking# (modified WHO AUDIT-C) | No | 247 | 124 (50.2) | 0.51 | 108 (43.7) | 0.18 |
| Yes | 34 | 15 (44.1) | 19 (55.9) | |||
| Alcohol misuse (by CAGE) | No | 213 | 105 (49.3) | 0.92 | 93 (43.7) | 0.36 |
| Yes | 68 | 34 (50.0) | 34 (50.0) | |||
| Recreational drug past 3 months | No | 132 | 62 (47.0) | 0.43 | 56 (42.4) | 0.38 |
| Yes | 149 | 77 (51.7) | 71 (47.7) | |||
| Major depression symptoms (by PHQ-9) | No | 239 | 121 (50.6) | 0.35 | 108 (45.2) | 0.99 |
| Yes | 42 | 18 (42.9) | 19 (45.2) | |||
| Moderate/high physical symptom distress$ (modified MSAS-SF questionnaire) | No | 239 | 111 (46.4) | 0.016 | 109 (45.6) | 0.74 |
| Yes | 42 | 28 (66.7) | 18 (42.9) | |||
| Hepatitis C diagnosis ever | No | 254 | 127 (50.0) | 0.58 | 118 (46.5) | 0.19 |
| Yes | 27 | 12 (44.4) | 9 (33.3) | |||
| STI in past 3 months | No | 237 | 115 (48.5) | 0.46 | 106 (44.7) | 0.71 |
| Yes | 44 | 24 (54.5) | 21 (47.7) | |||
| Sexually active (vaginal/anal sex) in past 3 months | No | 61 | 28 (45.9) | 0.53 | 21 (34.4) | 0.056 |
| Yes | 220 | 111 (50.5) | 106 (48.2) | |||
| Sexual activity category in past 3 months: | No vaginal/anal sex status partner(s) | 61 | 28 (45.9) | 0.36 | 21 (34.4) | 0.20 |
| Condom-protected sex only | 86 | 49 (57.0) | 45 (52.3) | |||
| Condom-less sex HIV+ve partners only | 75 | 33 (44.0) | 34 (45.3) | |||
| Condom-less sex HIV-ve or unknown status partner(s) | 51 | 24 (47.1) | 23 (45.1) | |||
| Agree ART mean people less worried infecting others (ART optimism) | Yes | 100 | 61 (61.0) | 0.005 | 60 (60.0) | <0.001 |
| No/unsure | 175 | 76 (43.4) | 64 (35.6) |
* tend to agree or strongly agree combined, versus undecided/tend to disagree/strongly disagree combined.
P values by chi-squared tests, and chi-squared tests for trend.
#
usual alcohol intake of at least 5 units 4 or more times a week, or at least 10 units 2–3 times a week.
$
score of 10 or more, based on total distress score for 19 physical symptoms, each scored 0 (symptom not present or no distress) to 4 (distressed very much by symptom).