Table 7. ANCOVA analysis using burst speed as dependent variable, shape variables MIgeo (a) or MIlin (b) and tadpole size (centroid) as continuous predictors, alongside temperature, predator cues and Roundup as categorical predictors.
a) | SS | d.f. | MS | F | p |
Predator | 0.068 | 1 | 0.068 | 15.01 | <0.001 |
Roundup | 0.000 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.01 | 0.909 |
Temperature | 0.197 | 5 | 0.039 | 8.66 | <0.001 |
Size (Centroid) | 0.167 | 1 | 0.167 | 36.70 | <0.001 |
Shape (MIgeo) | 0.129 | 1 | 0.129 | 28.27 | <0.001 |
Predator*Roundup | 0.011 | 1 | 0.011 | 2.34 | 0.127 |
Error | 2.544 | 559 | 0.005 |
Univariate tests of significance for burst speed. In both models, we used Sigma-restricted parameterization and Type III (Effective hypothesis) sum of squares.