Table 1.
Patient Characteristics*
| Characteristic | Total (n=9443) | All EBT (n=4398) | Not all EBT (n=5045) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 75 (67–82) | 74 (66–81) | 76 (69–83) | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 57.4 | 55.5 | 59.0 | <0.001 |
| White, % | 89.0 | 89.0 | 89.0 | 0.923 |
| Insurance, % | <0.001 | |||
| Private | 28.0 | 31.4 | 25.0 | |
| Medicare or Medicaid | 71.1 | 67.5 | 74.2 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | 126 (117–138) | 128 (118–138) | 126 (115–138) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | 72 (66–80) | 74 (68–80) | 71 (64–80) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, median (IQR), bpm | 70 (63–80) | 70 (62–80) | 70 (64–80) | 0.002 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR)† | 29.3 (25.4–34.3) | 29.6 (25.8–34.4) | 29.0 (25.1–34.2) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors, % | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 34.2 | 15.9 | 50.2 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 31.4 | 18.8 | 42.4 | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 34.7 | 21.7 | 46.0 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 74.0 | 73.7 | 74.2 | 0.541 |
| Hypertension | 98.5 | 99.5 | 97.6 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 14.2 | 6.8 | 20.8 | <0.001 |
| Other medical history, % | ||||
| Anemia | 19.0 | 15.3 | 22.2 | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 24.1 | 22.8 | 25.2 | 0.005 |
| Cognitive impairment/dementia | 3.2 | 2.4 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| COPD | 17.0 | 12.8 | 20.7 | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Frailty | 6.0 | 3.9 | 7.8 | <0.001 |
| GI bleed | 9.4 | 7.8 | 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Hip fracture | 2.6 | 2.0 | 3.2 | <0.001 |
| History stroke or transient ischemic attack | 16.1 | 10.4 | 21.1 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.003 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 18.5 | 17.2 | 19.7 | 0.002 |
| Osteoporosis | 13.4 | 13.7 | 13.1 | 0.373 |
| Severe renal disease (eGFR < 30 or dialysis) | 11.1 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 0.021 |
| Sinus node dysfunction/sick sinus syndrome | 18.0 | 15.6 | 20.0 | <0.001 |
| Thyroid disease | 22.7 | 21.3 | 23.9 | 0.003 |
| Functional status | <0.001 | |||
| Living independently | 90.1 | 93.0 | 87.5 | |
| Living with assistance | 7.5 | 5.1 | 9.6 | |
| Residing in assisted living facility | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | |
| Residing in skilled nursing home | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | |
| Laboratory Data, median (IQR) | ||||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 68.6 (49.2–95.4) | 73.2 (53.0–101.1) | 64.2 (46.4–90.1) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin | 13.5 (12.2–14.6) | 13.7 (12.5–14.8) | 13.2 (12.0–14.4) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | <0.001 | |||
| Normal (≥ 50%) | 69.3 | 75.2 | 64.2 | |
| Mild dysfunction (>40%, <50%) | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.1 | |
| Moderate dysfunction (≥30% to 40%) | 9.5 | 6.1 | 12.5 | |
| Severe dysfunction (<30%) | 4.5 | 2.3 | 6.4 | |
| Current antiarrhythmic drug therapy | 28.3 | 28.2 | 28.4 | 0.791 |
| Warfarin | ||||
| History of treatment | 82.8 | 81.1 | 84.4 | <0.001 |
| Current treatment | 72.7 | 71.3 | 73.9 | 0.005 |
| Region | <0.001 | |||
| Midwest | 25.6 | 26.7 | 24.7 | |
| Northeast | 25.8 | 27.8 | 24.1 | |
| South | 34.8 | 32.8 | 36.5 | |
| West | 13.8 | 12.7 | 14.8 | |
| Provider specialty | 0.289 | |||
| Cardiology | 65.6 | 65.5 | 65.7 | |
| Electrophysiology | 14.8 | 15.3 | 14.3 | |
| Family Practice/Internal Medicine | 19.6 | 19.2 | 20.0 | |
Abbreviations: EBT, evidence-based therapy; IQR, interquartile range; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
Data are based on patients with available data for each characteristic.
†
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.