Table 3.
ANOVA results showing sex-typical hypothalamic activations, reflecting their natal sex, in individuals with GD.
| Effect | Zmax | x | y | z | N | PFWE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GIRLS WITH GD > CTRL BOYS | |||||||
| Children | No effects | ||||||
| Adolescents | Gender | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Odor | 2.5 | 6 | -9 | -5 | 25 | 0.203 | |
| ON-OFF | 1.7 | -6 | -7 | -5 | 2 | 0.512 | |
| ONTM-OFFTM | 2.3 | -6 | -9 | -8 | 25 | 0.258 | |
| CTRL GIRLS > BOYS WITH GD | |||||||
| Children | Gender | 3.0 | -6 | -10 | -6 | 35 | 0.065 |
| Odor | 2.6 | 3 | -16 | -9 | 27 | 0.168 | |
| ON-OFF | 1.6 | -2 | -16 | -6 | 4 | 0.550 | |
| ONTM-OFFTM | 3.5 | -6 | -10 | -6 | 126 | 0.013 | |
| Adolescents | Gender | 2.2 | -2 | -4 | -10 | 5 | 0.336 |
| Odor | 1.5 | 2 | -14 | -12 | 4 | 0.699 | |
| ON-OFF | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| ONTM-OFFTM | 1.7 | 6 | -8 | -4 | 7 | 0.504 | |
| 1.6 | -6 | -12 | -8 | 16 | 0.553 | ||
| GIRLS WITH GD > BOYS WITH GD | |||||||
| Children | No effects | ||||||
| Adolescents | Gender | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Odor | 1.9 | 3 | -12 | -9 | 12 | 0.535 | |
| ON-OFF | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| ONTM-OFFTM | 1.9 | -6 | -7 | -11 | 1 | 0.459 | |
Ctrl, control; GD, gender dysphoria; Zmax, z-value of peak activation voxel; x y z, coordinates in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space; N, number of clustering voxels (cluster size); FWE, family-wise error; the effects “Gender” and “Odor” indicate omnibus F-contrasts for the factors gender and odor stimulation; “ON-OFF” and “ONTM-OFFTM” indicate directional t-contrasts for the condition effect and the first-order time-modulation regressor, respectively. Bold font indicates statistically significant effects.