Table 1.
A representative sample of disorders associated with low bone mineral density in children
| Primary bone disorders |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta |
| Fibrous dysplasia |
| Hypophosphatasia |
| Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome |
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
| Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis |
| Secondary bone disorders |
| Impaired mobility |
| Cerebral palsy |
| Spina bifida |
| Spinal cord injury |
| Traumatic brain injury |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| Chronic inflammatory conditions |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Nutritional deficiencies and malabsorption |
| Vitamin D deficiency |
| Calcium deficiency |
| Celiac disease |
| Anorexia nervosa |
| Liver failure |
| Cystic fibrosis |
| Infiltrative disorders |
| Leukemia |
| Inborn errors of metabolism |
| Endocrinopathies |
| Hypogonadism |
| Hyperparathyroidism |
| Hyperthyroidism |
| Growth hormone deficiency |
| Medication-induced and iatrogenic effects |
| Antiepileptics |
| Chemotherapeutics |
| Glucocorticoids |
| Radiotherapy |