Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-positive current or former injection drug users, stratified by smoking status (BEACON study, Baltimore, MD, 2006–2012; n=358)
| Total Sample (n = 358) | Current smoking | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=89) | Yes (n=269) | |||
|
| ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Characteristic | ||||
| Individual-Level | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 222 (61.8) | 59 (66.3) | 163 (60.6) | 0.337 |
| Female | 137 (38.2) | 30 (33.7) | 106 (39.4) | |
| Age | ||||
| 28–44 | 87 (24.2) | 20 (22.5) | 66 (24.5) | 0.239 |
| 45–49 | 98 (27.3) | 23 (25.8) | 75 (27.9) | |
| 50–53 | 89 (24.8) | 18 (20.2) | 71 (26.4) | |
| 54+ | 85 (23.7) | 28 (31.5) | 57 (21.2) | |
| Age (Mean (SE)) | 48.9 (0.33) | 49.5 (0.70) | 48.6 (0.37) | 0.240 |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 330 (92.2) | 86 (96.6) | 244 (90.7) | 0.071 |
| Non-black | 28 (7.8) | 3 (3.4) | 25 (9.3) | |
| Income | ||||
| <$500 | 64 (17.5) | 13 (14.6) | 51 (19.0) | 0.353 |
| $500+ | 302 (82.5) | 76 (85.4) | 218 (81.0) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 244 (68.2) | 60 (67.4) | 184 (68.4) | 0.863 |
| Married/committed relationship | 114 (31.8) | 29 (32.6) | 85 (31.6) | |
| CESD Score | ||||
| <16 | 223 (62.3) | 60 (67.4) | 163 (60.6) | 0.250 |
| 16+ | 135 (37.7) | 29 (32.6) | 106 (39.4) | |
| HIV Primary Care Visits | ||||
| 0–2 | 156 (43.6) | 42 (47.2) | 114 (42.4) | 0.641 |
| 3–4 | 84 (23.6) | 18 (20.2) | 66 (24.5) | |
| 5+ | 118 (32.9) | 29 (32.6) | 89 (33.1) | |
| 12-Step Program (yes) | 189 (52.8) | 40 (44.9) | 149 (55.4) | 0.087 |
| Alcohol (yes) | 136 (37.9) | 26 (29.2) | 110 (40.9) | 0.049 |
| Any drug use (yes) | 162 (45.1) | 24 (27.0) | 138 (51.3) | <0.001 |
| Injection drug use (yes) | 65 (18.1) | 9 (10.1) | 56 (20.8) | 0.023 |
| Dyadic-Level | ||||
| Main Supporter smokes (yes) | 170 (46.4) | 30 (33.7) | 133 (49.44) | 0.010 |
| Family-Level | ||||
| Smokers in family (yes) | 298 (83.2) | 68 (76.4) | 230 (85.5) | 0.046 |
| Encouragement to smoke by family (yes) | 30 (8.4) | 6 (6.7) | 24 (8.9) | 0.520 |
| Smoking causes health problemsa (yes) | 345 (96.9) | 84 (95.4) | 261 (97.4) | 0.363 |
| Family dislikes smoking (yes) | 320 (89.4) | 80 (89.9) | 240 (89.2) | 0.859 |
| Family has rules about smokingb (yes) | 313 (87.4) | 79 (88.8) | 234 (87.0) | 0.661 |
a
Belief held by family/friends
b
Rules about where people can and cannot smoke in the home