Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics and Glucose and Insulin Responses to Test Meal Ingestion in GB Subjects With (Sym) and Without (Asym) Previous Postprandial Hypoglycemic Symptoms and Nonsurgical Controls (CON)
| Sym | Asym | CON | Statistical Tests (P Values) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 36 | 29 | 11 | |
| Preoperative BMI, kg/m2 | 51 ± 1 (37–74) | 52 ± 2 (38–95) | .434 | |
| Initial weight loss, kga | 64 ± 3 (34–127) | 55 ± 5 (21–114) | .124 | |
| Total weight loss, kgb | 52 ± 3 (22–96) | 54 ± 4 (11–130) | .678 | |
| Weight regain, kgc | 12 ± 3 (−43 to 48) | 1 ± 5 (−48 to 68) | .050 | |
| Time after surgery, y | 4.9 ± 0.5 (2–17) | 5.0 ± 0.5 (2–11) | .940 | |
| History of T2DM (presence/ absence) | 11/25 | 5/24 | .172 | |
| History of dumping (presence/absence) | 21/13 | 7/22 | .003 | |
| Gender (F/M) | 34/2 | 23/6 | 9/2 | .121 |
| Age, y | 45 ± 2 (23–63)* | 51 ± 2 (25–65)** | 36 ± 3 (23–52) | .001 |
| Current BMI, kg/m2 | 31 ± 1 (18–48) | 33 ± 1 (26–42) | 34 ± 2 (25–42) | .410 |
| HbA1C, % | 5.2 ± 0.1 (4.2–6.0) | 5.4 ± 0.1 (4.7–6.3) | 5.1 ± 0.1 (4.6–5.7) | .098 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | .085 |
| Peak glucose, mmol/L | 9.8 ± 0.3** | 9.8 ± 0.3** | 6.6 ± 0.2 | .000 |
| Nadir glucose, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.12**‡ | 3.8 ± 0.2** | 4.4 ± 0.1 | .000 |
| Time to reach peak glucose, min | 30 ± 1** | 30 ± 1** | 67 ± 9 | .000 |
| Time to reach nadir glucose, min | 103 ± 4** | 120 ± 8** | 166 ± 6 | .000 |
| Fasting insulin, pmol/L | 47 ± 4** | 51 ± 4** | 107 ± 24 | .000 |
| Peak insulin, pmol/L | 2010 ± 186** | 1262 ± 131** | 708 ± 116 | .000 |
| Fasting ISR, pmol/L/m2 | 50 ± 4* | 60 ± 4* | 84 ± 16 | .002 |
| Peak ISR, pmol/L/m2 | 1014 ± 77** | 803 ± 66* | 530 ± 95 | .003 |
| Glucose sensitivity, pmol · min−1 · m−2 · mm−1 | 243 ± .22 | 255 ± .22 | 285 ± .69 | .704 |
| Rate sensitivity, pmol · m−2 · mm−1 | 1426 ± 200** | 1271 ± 188** | 3547 ± 849 | .001 |
| AUCInsulin:Glucose (0,180 min) | 107 ± 11*‡ | 60 ± 5 | 68 ± 10 | .001 |
| OGIS120 min | 376 ± 18 | 375 ± 16 | 367 ± 16 | .960 |
| Insulin clearance | 1.1 ± 0.1*† | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | .005 |
Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; F, female; M, male. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (range) unless otherwise specified. P values for ANOVA or χ2 comparison among the two surgical groups (rows 2–8) and the three groups are provided in the far right column. Significant P values are bold.
†
P < .05; and ‡ P < .01, compared to Asym.
*
P < .05; and ** P < .01, compared to CON using post hoc analysis.
a
Initial weight loss at 6–12 months after surgery;
b
total weight loss since surgery;
c
weight regain since the nadir body weight after surgery.