Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics and Glucose and Insulin Responses to Meal Ingestion in GB Subjects With Previous Neuroglycopenic (SymN) or Autonomic (SymA) Symptoms or no Symptoms of Hypoglycemia (Asym)
| SymN | SymA | Asym | Statistical Tests (P Values) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 24 | 12 | 29 | |
| History of T2DM (presence/absence) | 9/15 | 2/10 | 5/24 | .097 |
| History of dumping (presence/absence) | 14/9 | 7/4 | 7/22 | .007 |
| Gender (F/M) | 23/1 | 11/1 | 23/6 | .007 |
| Age, y | 43 ± 2 (23–63)* | 49 ± 3 (29–63) | 51 ± 2 (25–65) | .025 |
| Current BMI, kg/m2 | 32 ± 1 (18–44) | 31 ± 3 (22–48) | 33 ± 1 (26–42) | .570 |
| Preoperative BMI, kg/m2 | 50 ± 2 (37–74) | 52 ± 3 (41–66) | 52 ± 2 (38–94) | .523 |
| Initial weight loss, kga | 66 ± 4 (34–127) | 60 ± 5 (36–85) | 55 ± 5 (21–114) | .240 |
| Total weight loss, kgb | 50 ± 4 (22–96) | 56 ± 5 (29–89) | 54 ± 4 (11–130) | .600 |
| Weight regain, kgc | 16 ± 3 (−13 to 48)* | 4 ± 6 (−43 to 37) | 1 ± 6 (−48 to 68) | .050 |
| Time after surgery, y | 4.8 ± 0.6 (2–17) | 5.2 ± 0.8 (2–10) | 5.0 ± 0.5 (2–11) | .900 |
| HbA1C, % | 5.2 ± 0.1 (4.3–6.0) | 5.0 ± 0.1 (4.2–5.6) | 5.4 ± 0.1 (4.7–6.3) | .094 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | .110 |
| Peak glucose, mmol/L | 9.8 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | 9.8 ± 0.3 | .980 |
| Nadir glucose, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 0.2* | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | .000 |
| Fasting insulin, pmol/L | 53 ± 6† | 35 ± 3* | 51 ± 4 | .024 |
| Peak insulin, pmol/L | 2257 ± 227* | 1516 ± 287 | 1262 ± 131 | .011 |
| Fasting ISR, pmol/L/m2 | 47 ± 5 | 47 ± 5 | 61 ± 4 | .063 |
| Peak ISR, pmol/L/m2 | 1057 ± 1001 | 927 ± 113 | 803 ± 66 | .096 |
| Glucose sensitivity, pmol · min−1 · m−2 · mm−1 | 247 ± 28 | 236 ± 33 | 255±.22 | .296 |
| Rate sensitivity, pmol · m−2 · mm−1 | 1504 ± 284 | 1293 ± 243 | 1271 ± 188 | .774 |
| AUCInsulin:Glucose (0,180 min) | 126 ± 15**‡ | 69 ± 11 | 60 ± 5 | .000 |
| OGIS120 min | 359 ± 26 | 400 ± 21 | 375 ± 16 | .530 |
| Insulin clearance | 1.0 ± 0.1** | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | .006 |
Abbreviations: F, female; M, male. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (range) unless otherwise specified. P values for ANOVA or χ2 comparison among the three groups are provided in the far right column. Significant P values are bold.
†
P < .05; and ‡ P < .01, compared to Asym.
*
P < .05; and ** P < .01, compared to CON using post hoc analysis.
a
Initial weight loss at 6–12 months after surgery;
b
total weight loss since surgery;
c
weight regain since the nadir body weight after surgery.