Table 3.

Associations between congenital malformation and testicular germ cell tumors stratified by histologic subtype, Swedish Cancer Registry, 1964–2008.^*

	Seminomas n=3,674 n (%)	Controls n=18,365 n (%)	OR†	(95% CI)	Nonseminomas n=2,919 n (%)	Controls n=14,590 n (%)	OR*†	(95% CI)	p-het
Cryptorchidism	54 (1.5)	94 (0.5)	2.97	(2.11,4.19)	59 (2.0)	87 (0.6)	3.40	(2.43,4.76)	0.58
Hypospadias/Epispadias	11 (0.3)	9 (0.1)	6.11	(2.53,14.75)	3 (0.1)	20 (0.1)	0.75	(0.22,2.52)	< 0.01
Inguinal hernia	71 (1.9)	246 (1.3)	1.45	(1.11,1.90)	47 (1.6)	188 (1.3)	1.26	(0.91,1.74)	0.50
Other genital‡	7 (0.2)	12 (0.1)	2.92	(1.15,7.41)	7 (0.2)	20 (0.1)	1.75	(0.74,4.14)	0.43
All malformations‡	60 (1.6)	220 (1.2)	1.38	(1.03,1.84)	44 (1.5)	231 (1.6)	0.95	(0.69,1.32)	0.10

^*OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, p-het = p-value for heterogeneity

^†OR calculated from conditional logistic regression analysis, cases and controls were matched on year of birth and county of birth

^‡Categories exclude cryptorchidism, hypospadias/epispadias and inguinal hernia