Table 2.
Characteristics of included reviews
| Author, year, reference | Systematic review objective(s) | Study settings (no. of studies related to IPT delivery) | Participants | Countries where studies conducted | Percent studies in high TB incidence setting a | Outcome related to TCR | Applicability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Darraji, 2012
[23] |
Review interventions to improve IPT delivery in correctional facilities |
Jails and prisons (18) |
Adults |
US, Spain, Singapore |
6% |
Median TCR 44% (3-87%); low TCRs among RCTs (23, 12 and 12%) |
Behavior of incarcerated adults may not be generalizable; incomplete HIV prevalence data |
| DeFulio, 2012
[24] |
Review use of incentives on medication adherence |
Methadone, primary care, and public clinics, homeless shelters (5) |
Adults and children |
US, Timor-Leste |
20% |
TCR improved in 2 of 3 studies (44% v. 26% and 92% v. 82%); 1 showed no effect |
Behavior of addicted and homeless populations may not be generalizable; only 1 study included children, none specified inclusion of HIV populations |
| Hirsch-Moverman, 2008
[26] |
To identify predictors of adherence and adherence interventions |
Jails, refugee camp, homeless shelter, healthcare setting (19) |
IV drug users, incarcerated, homeless, refugee/ foreign-born, healthcare workers, aboriginal populations |
US and Canada |
0% |
Inconsistent across studies; no single intervention reliably showed effectiveness |
Mixed adult populations; lack of regional diversity; incomplete HIV prevalence data |
| Lewin, 2010
[9] |
To assess the effects of lay health worker interventions in primary and community health care on maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases |
US (2) |
IV drug users, adolescents (ages 11-19, mostly Hispanic American) |
US |
0% |
Little to no effect on treatment completion (RR = 1 · 0) |
No children under age 5 included, 20% HIV-infected in one study, HIV status unknown in other study |
| Uyei, 2011
[25] |
To examine the effect of strategies for TB and HIV service integration on delivery, outcomes for patients, and cost-effectiveness |
Counseling and testing centers, hospitals, clinics (6) |
HIV-infected patients |
Botswana, South Africa, Uganda |
100% |
High adherence (75-92%); moderate to high TCRs (47-88%) |
Unclear if children included |
| Zuñiga, 2012 [27] | To synthesize data on LTBI treatment adherence in Hispanic populations in the US | Clinics and public health programs dispensing LTBI treatment (12) | Hispanic adults | US | 0% | Self-reports of LTBI adherence may be inaccurate; power dynamic impedes patient and healthcare provider communication; direct measures of adherence will improve validity of results | No children included; adult Hispanic populations only, no HIV data |
aHigh TB incidence defined as TB incidence > 30/100,000.
IPT = isoniazid preventive therapy; TB = tuberculosis; TCR = treatment completion rate; RCT = randomized controlled trial; IV = intravenous; LTBI = latent tuberculosis infection.