Table 3.
Cumulative OR with 95% CI for self-rated health (1 = best health and 5 = poorest health) by socioeconomic, behaviour factors and longstanding illness among women in St. Petersburg
| Model I age-adjusted a | Model II + SEP adjusted b,c | Model III + behavior risk factors b,d | Model IV + chronic diseases b,e | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Education |
pf < 0.01 |
pf < 0.05 |
pf <0.10 |
pf ns |
| < 11 yrs |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 11–13 yrs |
0.67 [0.41–1.09] |
0.65# [0.39–1.07] |
0.64 [0.39–1.06] |
0.65 [0.38–1.12] |
| 14–16 yrs |
0.51** [0.32–0.82] |
0.52* [0.31–0.85] |
0.54* [0.33–0.89] |
0.55* [0.32–0.96] |
| 17+ yrs |
0.42** [0.23–0.77] |
0.40** [0.22–0.75] |
0.46* [0.25–0.87] |
0.46* [0.23–0.91] |
|
Personal income |
pf ns |
pf ns |
pf ns |
pf ns |
| Lowest quartile |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 2nd quartile |
1.17 [0.80–1.69] |
0.87 [0.56–1.36] |
0.88 [0.56–1.38] |
0.87 [0.55–1.39] |
| 3rd quartile |
1.00 [0.69–1.45] |
0.77 [0.49–1.21] |
0.82 [0.52–1.30] |
0.79 [0.50–1.26] |
| Highest quartile |
0.85 [0.60–1.21] |
0.69 [0.44–1.08] |
0.69 [0.44–1.08] |
0.65# [0.41–1.04] |
|
Employment |
pf ns |
pf < 0.05 |
pf < 0.10 |
pf < 0.10 |
| Employed |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Student |
0.77 [0.49–1.19] |
0.74 [0.44–1.23] |
0.78 [0.46–1.32] |
0.66 [0.37–1.17] |
| Unemployed |
1.32 [0.72–2.42] |
1.04 [0.54–2.01] |
1.04 [0.54–2.02] |
1.09 [0.58–2.06] |
| Housewives |
0.66# [0.42–1.03] |
0.47* [0.27–0.83] |
0.48* [0.27–0.86] |
0.50* [0.28–0.89] |
|
Family structure |
pf ns |
pf ns |
pf ns |
pf ns |
| Child & partner |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Only partner |
1.01 [0.74–1.38] |
1.00 [0.72–1.38] |
0.89 [0.64–1.25] |
0.97 [0.68–1.38] |
| No children no partner |
0.87 [0.62–1.22] |
0.85 [0.59–1.23] |
0.79 [0.55–1.14] |
0.78 [0.54–1.13] |
| Only children |
0.98 [0.67–1.44] |
0.90 [0.61–1.34] |
0.92 [0.62–1.37] |
0.84 [0.55–1.28] |
|
Smoking |
pf <0.10 |
|
pf ns |
pf ns |
| Never |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
| In past |
1.26 [0.84–1.87] |
|
1.19 [0.78–1.80] |
1.23 [0.80–1.90] |
| Occasional |
1.04 [0.74–1.47] |
|
1.01 [0.71–1.44] |
1.04 [0.72–1.50] |
| Current |
1.44* [1.07–1.93] |
|
1.31# [0.97–1.78] |
1.34# [0.98–1.82] |
|
BMI |
pf <0.001 |
|
pf <0.01 |
pf <0.05 |
| Under 20 |
1.24 [0.90–1.72] |
|
1.27 [0.91–1.78] |
1.16 [0.82–1.65] |
| 20–24.9 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 25–29.9 |
1.66** [1.19–2.30] |
|
1.63** [1.15–2.31] |
1.45* [1.02–2.06] |
| 30+ |
2.44** [1.57–3.79] |
|
2.33*** [1.48–3.67] |
1.95** [1.23–3.12] |
|
Mental illness |
pf ns |
|
|
pf ns |
| Yes vs. no |
1.86 [0.15–22.4] |
|
|
4.53 [0.26–77.66] |
|
Trauma & musculoskeletal |
pf <0.001 |
|
|
pf <0.001 |
| Yes vs. no |
2.31*** [1.44–3.70] |
|
|
3.75 *** [2.27–6.18] |
|
Cardiovascular illness |
pf <0.001 |
|
|
pf <0.001 |
| Yes vs. no |
2.79*** [1.86–4.19] |
|
|
4.49*** [2.91–6.92] |
|
Other diseases |
pf <0.001 |
|
|
pf <0.001 |
| Yes vs. no | 3.15*** [2.40–4.14] | 4.47*** [3.31–6.04] |
SEP = socioeconomic position, BMI = body mass index.
aModel I SRH = age + one of the explanatory variables (education, personal income, employment status, family structure, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases).
bElaboration analysis by adding a group of explanatory variables in the model allows one to assess the mediation effect of the group of new variables.
cModel II SRH = age + SEP variables (education + personal income + employment status + family structure).
dModel III SRH = age + SEP variables + behaviour variables (BMI + smoking).
eModel IV SRH = age + SEP variables + behaviour variables + chronic diseases.
fWald test for significance of the cumulative OR difference between the categories of the variable, #p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant.