Table 4.

Cumulative OR with 95% CI for self-rated health (1 = best health and 5 = poorest health) by socioeconomic, behaviour factors and longstanding illness among women in Estonia ^a

	Model I age-adjusted b,c	Model II + SEP adjusted c,d	Model III + behavior risk factors c,e	Model IV + chronic diseases c,f
Education	pg < 0.001	pg <0.05	pg ns	pg ns
< 11 yrs	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
11–13	0.58* [0.39–0.88]	0.62* [0.41–0.94]	0.69# [0.46–1.05]	0.77 [0.49–1.19]
14–16	0.45*** [0.29–0.68]	0.53** [0.35–0.81]	0.62* [0.41–0.96]	0.70 [0.44–1.11]
17+	0.38*** [0.24–0.61]	0.52** [0.32–0.84]	0.65# [0.40–1.08]	0.73 [0.43–1.22]
Personal income	pg <0.001	pg < 0.001	pg <0.001	pg < 0.01
Lowest quartile	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
2nd quartile	0.90 [0.71–1.15]	0.91 [0.71–1.16]	0.89 [0.69–1.14]	0.91 [0.70–1.18]
3rd quartile	0.69** [0.53–0.90]	0.69* [0.50–0.95]	0.68* [0.49–0.93]	0.65** [0.47–0.90]
Highest quartile	0.50*** [0.39–0.65]	0.53*** [0.39–0.73]	0.52*** [0.38–0.71]	0.58** [0.42–0.79]
Employment	pg <0.05	pg ns	pg ns	pg ns
Employed	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Student	1.04 [0.81–1.33]	0.89 [0.67–1.19]	0.91 [0.69–1.21]	0.82 [0.61–1.10]
Unemployed	1.84** [1.22–2.78]	1.18 [0.76–1.82]	1.16 [0.74–1.80]	1.31 [0.83–2.07]
Housewives	1.07 [0.82–1.38]	0.84 [0.62–1.14]	0.83 [0.62–1.13]	0.78 [0.58–1.06]
Family structure	pg <0.05	pg <0.05	pg <0.10	pg ns
Child & partner	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Only partner	1.02 [0.81–1.30]	1.10 [0.86–1.41]	1.10 [0.86–1.41]	1.00 [0.78–1.28]
No children no partner	1.00 [0.78–1.27]	1.02 [0.78–1.33]	1.06 [0.81–1.38]	1.06 [0.81–1.40]
Only children	1.47** [1.13–1.90]	1.46** [1.12–1.90]	1.45** [1.11–1.89]	1.35* [1.02–1.78]
Smoking	pg <0.001		pg <0.001	pg < 0.01
Never	1.00		1.00	1.00
In past	1.27* [1.01–1.58]		1.29* [1.03–1.62]	1.22# [0.97–1.54]
Occasional	1.32# [0.9–1.81]		1.25 [0.91–1.72]	1.21 [0.88–1.66]
Current	1.75*** [1.41–2.17]		1.58*** [1.26–1.98]	1.51*** [1.20–1.90]
BMI	pg <0.001		pg < 0.01	pg <0.05
Under 20	0.97 [0.79–1.19]		0.96 [0.78–1.18]	0.92 [0.75–1.13]
20–24.9	1.00		1.00	1.00
25–29.9	1.38* [1.08–1.76]		1.33* [1.04–1.69]	1.36* [1.07–1.75]
30+	1.90*** [1.34–2.71]		1.69** [1.18–2.43]	1.42# [0.96–2.09]
Mental illness	pg <0.001			pg <0.001
Yes vs. no	4.48*** [2.38–8.41]			7.55*** [3.61–15.78]
Trauma & musculoskeletal illness	pg <0.001			pg <0.001
Yes vs. no	3.64*** [2.67–4.98]			4.90*** [3.46–6.94]
Cardiovascular illness	pg <0.001			pg <0.001
Yes vs. no	4.02*** [2.73–5.93]			4.86*** [3.21–7.38]
Other diseases	pg <0.001			pg <0.001
Yes vs. no	4.09*** [3.24–5.16]			5.53*** [4.28–7.16]
Language Russian vs. Estonian	pg < 0.001	pg < 0.001	pg < 0.001	pg <0.001
	2.51*** [2.05–3.07]	2.12*** [1.72–2.61]	2.05 [1.66–2.53]	1.92 [1.55–2.38]

SEP = socioeconomic position; BMI = body mass index.

^aAll the associations were adjusted for language Russian vs. Estonian.

^bModel I SRH = age + one of the explanatory variables (education, personal income, employment status, family structure, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases).

^cElaboration analysis by adding a group of explanatory variables in the model allows one to assess the mediation effect of the group of new variables.

^dModel II SRH = age + education + personal income + employment status + family structure (SEP variables).

^eModel III SRH = age + SEP variables + BMI + smoking.

^fModel IV SRH = age + SEP variables + behaviour variables + chronic diseases.

^gWald test for significance of the cumulative OR difference between the categories of the variable.

^#p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant.