Table 3.
Pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes
| Unmatched cohort analysis | Propensity score matched analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) of cases | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | No (%) of cases | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Unvaccinated (n=79 925) | Vaccinated (n-6246) | Unvaccinated (n=23 987) | Vaccinated (n=6131) | ||||
| Pregnancy outcomes | |||||||
| Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia | 2679 (3.4) | 248 (4.0) | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36) | 715 (3.0) | 219 (3.6) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.39) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 1738 (2.2) | 183 (2.9) | 1.36 (1.16 to 1.59) | 444 (1.9) | 144 (2.3) | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.53) | |
| In-hospital maternal death | 2 (0.0) | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | |
| Admission to ICU | 164 (0.2) | 10 (0.2) | 0.78 (0.41 to 1.48) | 42 (0.2) | 10 (0.2) | 0.95 (0.47 to 1.88) | |
| Type of delivery: spontaneous v others | 53 940 (67.5) | 4173 (66.8) | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.02) | 16 003 (66.7) | 4107 (67.0) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | |
| Fetal and perinatal outcomes | |||||||
| Stillbirths | 207 (0.3) | 16 (0.3) | 0.99 (0.57 to 1.68) | 58 (0.2) | 16 (0.3) | 1.06 (0.61 to 1.85) | |
| In-hospital neonatal death | 74 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 0.86 (0.35 to 2.14) | 19 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 1.04 (0.39 to 2.78) | |
| Perinatal death | 281 (0.4) | 21 (0.3) | 0.96 (0.60 to 1.52) | 77 (0.3) | 21 (0.3) | 1.06 (0.65 to 1.71) | |
| Neonatal outcomes | |||||||
| Small for gestational age | 7947 (9.9) | 570 (9.1) | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) | 2307 (9.6) | 562 (9.2) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.04) | |
| Admission to neonatal ICU | 1639 (2.1) | 148 (2.4) | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.38) | 492 (2.1) | 146 (2.4) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.37) | |
| Neonatal reanimation | 724 (0.9) | 59 (0.9) | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.36) | 203 (0.8) | 58 (0.9) | 1.12 (0.83 to 1.50) | |
| Composite outcome | 2415 (3.0) | 180 (2.9) | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11) | 710 (3.0) | 176 (2.9) | 0.96 (0.81 to 1.13) | |
| Congenital malformations:* | 3246 (4.1) | 284 (4.5) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 945 (3.9) | 276 (4.5) | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) | |
| Nervous system | 148 (0.2) | 14 (0.2) | 1.21 (0.67 to 2.15) | 45 (0.2) | 13 (0.2) | 1.09 (0.58 to 2.02) | |
| Eye | 28 (0.04) | 3 (0.05) | 1.37 (0.42 to 4.51) | 8 (0.03) | 3 (0.05) | 1.50 (0.40 to 5.65) | |
| Ear, face, and neck | 71 (0.1) | 10 (0.2) | 1.80 (0.88 to 3.61) | 27 (0.1) | 10 (0.2) | 1.42 (0.69 to 2.94) | |
| Congenital heart defects | 1269 (1.6) | 113 (1.8) | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.39) | 351 (1.5) | 110 (1.8) | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.51) | |
| Respiratory | 52 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 1.72 (0.72 to 3.94) | 13 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 2.00 (0.79 to 5.07) | |
| Orofacial clefts | 86 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 0.59 (0.19 to 1.68) | 20 (0.1) | 3 (0.05) | 0.54 (0.16 to 1.84) | |
| Digestive system | 262 (0.3) | 23 (0.4) | 1.12 (0.72 to 1.75) | 74 (0.3) | 23 (0.4) | 1.18 (0.73 to 1.89) | |
| Abdominal wall defects | 15 (0.02) | 2 (0.03) | 1.71 (0.39 to 7.46) | 2 (0.01) | 2 (0.03) | 4.00 (0.56 to 28.40) | |
| Urinary | 423 (0.5) | 34 (0.5) | 1.03 (0.71 to 1.48) | 128 (0.5) | 32 (0.5) | 0.98 (0.67 to 1.45) | |
| Genital | 20 (0.03) | 0 | — | 6 (0.03) | 0 | — | |
| Limb | 972 (1.2) | 82 (1.3) | 1.08 (0.86 to 1.35) | 288 (1.2) | 80 (1.3) | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) | |
| Other anomalies | 78 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 1.31 (0.63 to 2.72) | 24 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 1.33 (0.60 to 2.97) | |
ICU=intensive care unit.
*At least one.