Detection of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 17 (IL-17) secretory cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IFN-γ–, IL-4–, and IL-17–secreting cells were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Spot-forming units (SFUs) were calculated in 1 million cells. The SFUs for cells obtained from the control group are shown as unfilled bars, and filled bars represent rSm-p80–stimulated cells from the experimental group. Results for different vaccination strategies are as follows: recombinant protein vaccination using rSm-p80 plus glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA)–SE (A), DNA prime followed by protein boost with Sm-p80–VR1020 and rSm-p80 in alum (B), and similar prime boost approach using Sm-p80–VR1020 and rSm-p80 with CpG ODNs (C).