Figure 4. Recurrent gain and loss of PARP14 and PARP15.

(A) Intact PARP genes were identified in representative (high quality assembly) mammalian genomes. Filled rectangles indicate the presence of an intact gene, open rectangles indicate a gene loss. The half-filled rectangle indicates a large N-terminal truncation of PARP15 in the elephant genome. (B) Intact PARP14 and 15 homologs were compiled from publicly available vertebrate genomes (see Figure S6). A phylogenetic tree of queried species is shown with PARP14 duplications (including the birth of PARP15) and losses of PARP15 indicated. To the right is an indication of the number of intact PARP14 and PARP15 homologs in each genome, as indicated by the filled rectangles.