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. 2014 May 29;10(5):e1004166. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004166

Figure 6. K22 affects replication of diverse coronaviruses including MERS-CoV.

Figure 6

(A-D) The log reduction of the antiviral activity (bars) and cell toxicity ratio (data points above bars) of K22 during MHV-Gluc (A), FCoV-RL (B), SARS-CoV (C) and IBV (D) infection on representative continuous cell lines of murine (L-929 cells; A), feline (FCWF cells; B), or primate (Vero cells; C-D) origin. Data are shown as mean (±SD) of a representative experiment, from two independent experiments performed in triplicate. Toxicity values for Vero cells in panels C and D are derived from the same experiments. (E-F). The log reduction of the antiviral activity (bars) and cell toxicity ratio (data points above bars) of K22 in HCoV-229E-ren (E) and MERS-CoV (F) infected differentiated human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures. Data are shown as mean (±SD) of three independent experiments performed in triplicate (log reduction), or mean (±SD) of a representative experiment, from two independent experiments performed in triplicate (cell viability). (G-H) Immunofluorescence analysis of HAE cultures infected with MERS-CoV in presence or absence of K22 in a representative overview (G, 20x; H, 40x) confocal Z-stack image. Stainings were performed using antibodies directed against (G) dsRNA (green), and DAPI (cell nucleus; blue), and (H) dsRNA, DAPI, β-tubulin (ciliated cells; white), and ZO1 (tight junctions, red). Scale bars are 50 (G) or 20 (H) µm.