Table 2.
Comparison of Qualitative Study Design Characteristics for Reports on Neuropathology Using MRI in Twins
| Study | Condition of interest | Population | Structure of interest | Volumetric parcellation? | Morphological measures? | Voxel-level measures? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casanova, 1990a | Schizophrenia | Adult | Corpus Callosum | N | N | N | ||
| Casanova, 1990b | Schizophrenia | Adult | Corpus Callosum | N | Y | N | ||
| Suddath, 1990 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Ventricles, hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Casanova, 1991 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Corpus Callosum | N | Y | N | ||
| Weinberger 1991 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Cerebral lateralization | Y | N | N | ||
| Weinberger, 1992a | Schizophrenia | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Prefrontal cortex | ||||||||
| Weinberger, 1992b | Schizophrenia | Adult | Limbic structures | Y | N | N | ||
| Bartley, 1993 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Sylvian fissure | Y | N | N | ||
| Kinnunen, 1993 | Lupus | Adult | Clinical readings | N | N | N | ||
| Goldberg, 1994 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Thorpe, 1994 | Multiple sclerosis | Adult | Clinical readings | N | N | N | ||
| Hyde, 1995 | Tourette syndrome | Pediatric | Caudate | Y | N | N | ||
| Noga, 1996 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Hemispheric volumes and other measures of hemisphere size | Y | Y | N | ||
| Jackson, 1998 | Epilepsy | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| McNeil, 2000 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Barré, 2001 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Multiple substructures | Y | N | N | ||
| Briellmann, 2001 | Epilepsy | Adult | Clinical Findings, Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Noga, 2001 | Bipolar I | Adult | Mesial Temporal, Basal Ganglia | Y | N | N | ||
| Bridle, 2002 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Subcortical | Y | N | N | ||
| Cannon,2002 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Voxel-level | N | N | Y | ||
| Kiseppä, 2002 | Bipolar I | Adult | Cerebral lobar gray/white volumes ventricular volumes | Y | N | N | ||
| Narr, 2002a | Schizophrenia | Adult | Corpus Callosum | Y | N | N | ||
| Narr, 2002b | Schizophrenia | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | Y | ||
| Gilbertson, 2002 | PTSD | Adult | Hippocampus | |||||
| Castellanos, 2003 | ADHD | Pediatric | Caudate | Y | N | N | ||
| Järvenpää, 2004 | Cognitive Dysfunction | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Kates, 2004 | Autism | Pediatric | Cerebral lobar and cerebellar gray/white volumes, ventricles | Y | N | N | ||
| May, 2004 | PTSD | Adult | Septum Pellucidum | N | N | N | ||
| Van Erp, 2004 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Van Haren, 2004 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Hippocampus | Y | N | N | ||
| Hulshoff Pol, 2004 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Whole brain volume, gray/white brain volumes | Y | N | N | ||
| Rijsdijk, 2005 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Whole brain, Hippocampus, Ventricles | Y | N | N | ||
| Spaniel,2005 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Global T1/T2 Relaxation | N | N | N | ||
| Styner, 2005 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Corpus Callosum | Y | Y | N | ||
| Terriberri, 2005 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Corpus Callosum | N | Y | N | ||
| Hulshoff Pol, 2006 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Voxel-based morphometry | N | N | Y | ||
| Levitt, 2006 | PTSD | Adult | Cerebellar Vermis | Y | N | N | ||
| Ettinger, 2007 | Schizophrenia | Adult | Thalamus | Y | N | N | ||
| de Geus, 2007 | Anxiety and depression | Adult | Voxel-based Morphometry | N | N | Y | ||
| van ’t Ent, 2007 | ADHD problems | Pediatric | Voxel-based Morphometry | N | N | Y | ||
Note: This summary table excludes case reports and studies using twin samples to address nongenetic questions. Reports that include information on the genetics of typical neuroanatomy, usually because they provide statistics on control samples, are shown in bold.