Table 2.

Clinical Study Characteristics

Study	Type	n	Initial AVN class	AVN etiology (# of hips)	Treatment protocol
Hernigou et al. [35]	Case series	534	Ficat 1-2	steroid (101), ethanol (150), sickle cell (166), not specified (117)	Concentrated BMMNC
Wang et al. [9]	Case series	50	ARCO 1-2	steroid (25), ethanol (19), idiopathic (6)	Concentrated BMMNC
Gangji et al. [2]	nRCT	24	ARCO 1-2	steroid (20), ethanol (2), idiopathic (2)	Concentrated BMMNC
Sen et al. [14]	RCT	51	ARCO 1-2	trauma (17), steroid (20), ethanol 8), idiopathic (2), pregnancy (2), Cushings (2)	Concentrated BMMNC
Zhao et al. [8]	RCT	97	ARCO 1C-2C	trauma (20), steroid (24), ethanol (19), Caisson (11), idiopathic (30) (some patients had more than one etiology)	Cultured BMMNC

BMMNC = bone marrow mononuclear cells, n = number of hips, ARCO = Association Research Circulation Osseous classification, nRCT = non randomized control trial, RCT = randomized control trial.