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. 2014 May 30;4:5135. doi: 10.1038/srep05135

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Disease symptoms caused by N. crassa (a), H. annosum (b), and control (c). Disease symptom was measured 6 wpi. Red arrows indicate typical necrosis symptoms. (d) Survival of N. crassa in plant tissues after heat treatment. Three-year-old N. crassa-infected trees were heat-treated to 121°C at 100 kPa for 10 min, followed by incubation at 24°C for 2 weeks. (e) Three-year-old Scots pines used for infection experiments in the greenhouse. Bar = 1 cm.