(A) Absolute HRR after symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise among control, nonobstructive, and obstructive groups. The change in mean absolute heart rate with time after cessation of exercise is shown, with 95% CIs calculated by the Loess function. (B) HRR normalized to peak HR after symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise among control, nonobstructive, and obstructive groups. The change in mean normalized heart rate with time after cessation of exercise is shown, with 95% CIs calculated by the Loess function.