Table 1. Characteristics of children with or without special educational needs, as assessed by the pre-school examinations (Einschulungsuntersuchungen) in Berlin 2007–2011(n=134313).

Variable	No special educational needs (n = 126137)		Special educational needs (n = 8058)		Percentage of children with special educational needs	p
	n	%	n	%	%
Birth weight
<750g	94	0.1	52	0.6	35.6	<0.001
750–999g	196	0.2	78	1.0	28.5
1000–1249g	265	0.2	55	0.7	17.2
1250–1499g	336	0.3	90	1.1	21.1
1500–1749g	478	0.4	90	1.1	15.8
1750–1999g	884	0.7	142	1.8	13.8
2000–2249g	1654	1.3	191	2.4	10.4
2250–2499g	3171	2.5	323	4.0	9.2
2500–2749g	6308	5.0	534	6.6	7.8
2750–2999g	11829	9.4	883	11.0	6.9
3000–4500g	89934	71.3	4850	60.2	5.1
>4500g	1598	1.3	93	1.2	5.5
No information	9390	7.4	677	8.4	6.7
Sex
Female	6671	48.9	2755	34.2	4.3	<0.001
Male	64466	51.1	5303	65.8	7.6
No information	0	0.0	0	0.0
Social status group
Lower	23653	18.8	3026	37.6	11.3	<0.001
Middle	57390	45.5	3071	38.1	5.1
Upper	31808	25.2	730	9.1	2.2
No information	13286	10.5	1231	15.3	8.5
Immigration background
Yes	43645	34.6	2879	35.7	6.2	0.022
No	82124	65.1	5126	63.6	5.9
No information	368	0.3	53	0.7	12.6
German skills
Mother tongue	82124	65.1	5126	63.6	5.9	<0.001
Immigrant family – child and parent have good skills	21847	17.3	537	6.7	2.4
– child or parent have poor skills	11123	8.8	801	9.9	6.7
– child and parent have poor skills	9569	7.6	1286	16.0	11.8
No information	1474	1.2	308	3.8	17.3
Single parent
Yes	31725	25.2	2789	34.6	8.1	<0.001
No	90304	71.6	4997	62.0	5.2
No information	4108	3.3	272	3.4	6.2
Nursery school/kindergarten
≤2 years	15523	12.3	1564	19.4	9.2	<0.001
>2 years	108968	86.4	6263	77.7	5.4
No information	1646	1.3	231	2.9	12.3
Child has own television
Yes	16371	13.0	1377	17.1	7.8	<0.001
No	100858	80.0	6022	74.7	5.6
No information	8908	7.1	659	8.2	6.9