eTable. Comparison of univariate and multivariate regression analysis of risk factors for special educational needs.
| Variable | Univariate analysis—exclusion of missing data: | Multivariate analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pair-wise | list-wise | controlled for city district | |||||||
| OR | (99% CI) | p | OR | (99% CI) | p | OR | (99% CI) | p | |
| Birth weight | |||||||||
| <750 g | 10.26 | (6.56–16.04) | <0.001 | 10.90 | (6.64–17.87) | <0.001 | 12.83 | (7.48–22.03) | <0.001 |
| 750– 999 g | 7.38 | (5.22–10.44) | <0.001 | 6.87 | (4.59–10.29) | <0.001 | 7.08 | (4.60–10.89) | <0.001 |
| 1000–1249 g | 3.85 | (2.62–5.65) | <0.001 | 4.10 | (2.66–6.33) | <0.001 | 3.93 | (2.48–6.22) | <0.001 |
| 1250–1499 g | 4.97 | (3.65–6.76) | <0.001 | 5.08 | (3.60–7.17) | <0.001 | 4.63 | (3.22–6.64) | <0.001 |
| 1500–1749 g | 3.49 | (2.59–4.71) | <0.001 | 3.76 | (2.71–5.23) | <0.001 | 3.66 | (2.60–5.16) | <0.001 |
| 1750–1999 g | 2.98 | (2.35–3.77) | <0.001 | 2.61 | (1.97–3.46) | <0.001 | 2.48 | (1.85–3.33) | <0.001 |
| 2000–2249 g | 2.14 | (1.75–2.62) | <0.001 | 1.89 | (1.49–2.41) | <0.001 | 1.76 | (1.37–2.25) | <0.001 |
| 2250–2499 g | 1.89 | (1.62–2.21) | <0.001 | 1.93 | (1.63–2.30) | <0.001 | 1.83 | (1.53–2.19) | <0.001 |
| 2500–2749 g | 1.57 | (1.39–1.77) | <0.001 | 1.57 | (1.36–1.80) | <0.001 | 1.43 | (1.24–1.65) | <0.001 |
| 2750–2999 g | 1.38 | (1.26–1.53) | <0.001 | 1.39 | (1.25–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.32 | (1.17–1.47) | <0.001 |
| 3000–4500 g (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| >4500 g | 1.08 | (0.82–1.42) | 0.479 | 1.15 | (0.85–1.55) | 0.246 | 1.10 | (0.81–1.50) | 0.410 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Male | 1.84 | (1.73–1.96) | <0.001 | 1.82 | (1.69–1.96) | <0.001 | 1.88 | (1.75–2.03) | <0.001 |
| Social status group | |||||||||
| Lower | 5.57 | (5.00 – 6.21) | <0.001 | 5.80 | (5.16– 6.52) | <0.001 | 5.96 | (5.21–6.82) | <0.001 |
| Middle | 2.33 | (2.09 – 2.60) | <0.001 | 2.36 | (2.10–2.65) | <0.001 | 2.36 | (2.09–2.66) | <0.001 |
| Upper (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Immigration background and German skills | |||||||||
| German (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Immigrant family: child and parent have good German skills | 0.39 | (0.35–0.44) | <0.001 | 0.42 | (0.37–0.48) | <0.001 | 0.39 | (0.34–0.45) | <0.001 |
| Child or parent has poor German skills | 1.15 | (1.04–1.28) | <0.001 | 1.38 | (1.23–1.55) | <0.001 | 0.96 | (0.84–1.10) | 0.475 |
| Child and parent had poor German skills | 2.15 | (1.98–2.34) | <0.001 | 2.60 | (2.34–2.89) | <0.001 | 1.63 | (1.43–1.86) | <0.001 |
| Single parent | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.59 | (1.49–1.69) | <0.001 | 1.66 | (1.54–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.21 | (1.12–1.31) | <0.001 |
| No (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Nursery school/kindergarten | |||||||||
| ≤ 2 years (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| >2 years | 0.57 | (0.53–0.62) | <0.001 | 0.57 | (0.52–0.62) | <0.001 | 0.82 | (0.73–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Child has own television | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.41 | (1.30–1.53) | <0.001 | 1.53 | (1.39–1.67) | <0.001 | Not included in multivariate model | ||
| No (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
99% CI, 99% confidence interval; OR, odds ratio