Table 1.
Summary of the seven studies that investigated the association between osteoporosis (osteopenia) and BPPV
| Study | Age range (Mean ± SD) | No. of subjects: control | Design | Percentage female and male | Outcomes evaluated | Conclusions of authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vibert 2003 [15] |
50 to 85(69 ± 9.2) |
32(BPPV):83(Healthy controls) |
Case–control study |
All were Female |
BMD |
The apparent correlation between BPPV and osteopenia or osteoporosis |
| Jang2009 [11] |
20 to 69 |
78(BPPV):117 (Healthy controls) |
Cohort studies |
All were Female |
BMD, The number of canalith repositioning maneuvers, The presence of recurrence |
Patients with BPPV had lower BMD values compared with control subjects, and patients with low BMD values showed a significant increase in the number of canalith repositioning maneuvers required and the recurrence rate |
| Jeong2009 [12] |
29 to 90 years (59.8 ± 12.5 in test group, 56.3 ± 8.6 in control group) |
209(BPPV):202(Healthy controls) |
Case–control study |
Female: Male in BPPV Group (142:67), in Control (96:106) |
BMD |
Decreased BMD score both in women and in men with BBPV, compared with that in controls. |
| Mikulec2010 [13] |
51 to 80 |
143(BPPV):117(Controls that with symmetric sensorineural hearing loss and without known vestibular problems) |
Case–control study |
All were Female |
The presence or absence of osteoporosis |
There was a negative association between BPPV and treated osteoporosis in women aged 51 to 60 years, and a trend towards a negative association for women aged 61–70 years and for the group as a whole. Osteoporosis, or the medication used to treat it, may provide protection against BPPV. |
| Yamanaka2013 [16] |
50 to 88 (63.7 ± 7.40) |
39(Recurrence free): 9 (Single recurrence):13(Multiple recurrence) |
Case–control study |
All were Female |
BMD |
Osteoporosis is a risk factor for BPPV recurrence. The prognosis of BPPV might be clinically predicted by BMD reduction. |
| Parham2013 [14] |
49 to 81 (66.9 ± 1.8) |
16(BPPV):13(osteopenia/osteoporosis) |
Cohort studies |
All were Female |
BMD. Calcium, Vit D, 25(OH)D3, and Serum Markers of Bone Turnover (sNTX, P1NP) |
Postmenopausal women with BPPV have a high prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, and postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis have higher than expected prevalence of BPPV. Levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover correlate with presence of BPPV but not Ca or Vit D. |
| Stefano2013 [17] | 65 to 95(72.9 ± 6.14) | 1092(BPPV):13(BPPV with osteopenia/osteoporosis) | Multicenter Case–control study | Female: Male(685:407) | Risk of recurrence | Combine with two or more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthrosis), osteoporosis further increases the risk of relapsing BPPV |
SD standard deviation; BMD bone mineral density; CRP canalith-repositioning maneuvers, sNTX amino-terminal telopeptides of collagen; P1NP amino-terminal propeptide of protocollagen type I.