Table 2.

Bacterial concentration of different microbial groups quantified by specific qPCR in luminal (L) (n = 3) and mucosal (M) (n = 6) samples of the HMI module during control and treatment at time 0, 24 and 48 h

		Control (A)					Treatment (B)
		0 h	24 h		48 h		0 h	24 h		48 h
		L	L	M	L	M	L	L	M	L	M
Total Bacteria	Avg.	2.46 × 1010	1.31 × 1010	5.71 × 108	9.08 × 109	6.35 × 108	6.35 × 10 9	6.27 × 10 9	2.43 × 10 8	7.79 × 109	2.31 × 10 7
	Std. Dev.	1.12 × 109	1.53 × 108	2.83 × 108	4.77 × 108	8.44 × 108	3.14 × 108	7.54 × 107	1.75 × 108	2.29 × 108	2.56 × 106
Bacteroidetes	Avg.	7.60 × 109	6.29 × 109	5.25 × 108	4.58 × 109	2.78 × 108	1.41 × 10 9	4.50 × 109	9.82 × 10 7	1.13 × 10 10	6.59 × 107
	Std. Dev.	1.23 × 109	2.77 × 109	3.60 × 108	1.20 × 109	3.65 × 108	1.83 × 108	6.96 × 108	6.07 × 107	1.79 × 109	3.44 × 107
Firmicutes	Avg.	1.65 × 109	1.64 × 108	2.08 × 107	2.85 × 108	1.67 × 107	7.88 × 10 8	4.29 × 10 8	3.65 × 106	5.43 × 10 8	9.65 × 10 5
	Std. Dev.	2.79 × 108	1.02 × 107	3.80 × 106	2.52 × 107	3.20 × 106	7.21 × 107	3.96 × 107	1.60 × 106	4.11 × 107	7.41 × 105
Bifidobacteria	Avg.	9.39 × 108	2.73 × 108	3.35 × 108	3.24 × 108	8.49 × 106	1.26 × 10 8	3.79 × 108	1.25 × 10 6	4.43 × 10 8	3.37 × 10 5
	Std. Dev.	1.23 × 108	2.65 × 107	5.09 × 107	2.97 × 107	9.80 × 105	2.89 × 107	1.40 × 108	1.38 × 105	2.44 × 107	1.74 × 105
Lactobacilli	Avg.	1.88 × 107	3.86 × 106	1.30 × 105	6.81 × 105	3.45 × 102	8.06 × 10 5	1.77 × 10 5	1.45 × 10 3	1.37 × 106	5.85 × 10 4
	Std. Dev.	3.47 × 106	3.45 × 105	7.75 × 104	5.40 × 105	3.89 × 102	1.69 × 105	1.54 × 105	1.67 × 103	2.52 × 105	7.86 × 104

Data for L are expressed as 16S rRNA gene copies/mL of SHIME suspension; those for M correspond to 16S rRNA gene copies cm⁻² of simulated gut wall. Values in bold indicate samples from the treatment period which are significantly higher than the control at the same sampling time, according to a Student’s two-tailed t test (p < 0.05). Values in italics are significantly lower.