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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2012;110:207–227. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387665-2.00008-0

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

(1) DNA bound to chromatin tightly compacted and maintained by Hp1 and KAP-1. (2) DSB occurs and MRN is recruited to DSB displacing Hp1 and KAP-1, revealing H3K9me3. (3) Tip60 and ATM are recruited to H3K9me3. Tip60 acetylates and activates ATM. ATM induces γ-H2AX and autophosphorylates. (4) MDC1 is recruited to γ-H2AX, ATM is activated and extends γ-H2AX, Tip60 acetylates H3/4. (5) MDC1 expands and binds to γ-H2AX which recruits a plethora of repair factors in conjunction with acetylated and methylated histones. Multiple steps are then ready to proceed, including HRR end resection, chromatin remodeling and the rest of the HRR mechanism.