Table 1. Epigenetic factors involved in EMT.
| Transcription factor | Molecular function | Modifications | EMT regulation | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDACs | Histone deacetylases | H3K ac | WDR5 controls H3K4me3 on EMT genes; CDH1 repression with Snail & Twist1 |
[46,133,134] |
| EZH2 | Polycomb protein complex 2 (PRC2) component, histone methyltransferase | H3K27me3 | Activated by SOX4; EMT epithelial gene repression; often overexpressed | [121,135] |
| SUZ12 | Polycomb protein complex 2 (PRC2) component | H3K27me3 with EZH2 | Often overexpressed | [136] |
| BMI1 | Polycomb protein complex 1 (PRC1) component; gene silencing | H2Aub1 | Upregulated during EMT; EMT gene repression with Snail & Twist1 |
[137,138,139,140] |
| SUV39H1 | Histone methyltransferase | H3K9me3 | SNAI1 mediated CDH1 repression | [115] |
| G9a | Histone methyltransferase | H3K9me2 | SNAI1 mediated CDH1 repression | [116] |
| LSD1 | Histone demethylase | H3K4me1/2; H3K9me1/2 | SNAI1 mediated repression | [100,141,142] |
| KDM6B (JMJD3) | Histone demethylase | H3K27me3 | SNAI1 mediated repression | [104] |