Table 3.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of associations of foot posture and foot function to lower extremity pain at any joint.

		Unadjusted OR			Adjusted OR†
		OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Foot Posture
Hip Pain	Planus v. Rectus	1.25	0.94, 1.66	0.130	1.12	0.83, 1.53	0.457
	Cavus v. Rectus	0.98	0.71, 1.34	0.881	1.04	0.75, 1.44	0.804
	Planus v. Cavus	1.28	0.91, 1.79	0.157	1.08	0.74,1.57	0.697
Knee Pain	Planus v. Rectus	1.57	1.24, 1.99	<0.001	1.17	0.91, 1.52	0.222
	Cavus v. Rectus	0.86	0.66, 1.13	0.283	1.05	0.80, 1.39	0.719
	Planus v. Cavus	1.82	1.36, 2.42	<.001	1.12	0.81, 1.53	0.504
Ankle Pain	Planus v. Rectus	1.47	1.05, 2.06	0.026	1.14	0.79, 1.64	0.488
	Cavus v. Rectus	1.00	0.68, 1.47	0.994	1.16	0.78, 1.71	0.475
	Planus v. Cavus	1.47	0.98, 2.20	0.062	0.99	0.63, 1.54	0.946
Foot Pain	Planus v. Rectus	1.22	0.95, 1.56	0.114	1.04	0.80, 1.35	0.784
	Cavus v. Rectus	0.84	0.64, 1.11	0.221	0.92	0.70, 1.22	0.569
	Planus v. Cavus	1.45	1.08, 1.95	0.015	1.13	0.81, 1.56	0.480
Foot Function
Hip Pain	Over-pronated v. Normal	0.82	0.62, 1.08	0.154	0.76	0.57,1.02	0.065
	Over-supinated v. Normal	0.69	0.51, 0.93	0.016	0.78	0.57, 1.05	0.103
	Over-pronated v. Over-supinated	1.18	0.86, 1.61	0.315	0.98	0.71, 1.36	0.919
Knee Pain	Over-pronated v. Normal	0.92	0.72, 1.16	0.473	0.94	0.73, 1.20	0.599
	Over-supinated v. Normal	0.90	0.70, 1.14	0.374	0.97	0.75, 1.26	0.826
	Over-pronated v. Over-supinated	1.02	0.79, 1.32	0.855	0.96	0.74, 1.26	0.784
Ankle Pain	Over-pronated v. Normal	0.86	0.61, 1.22	0.388	0.86	0.61, 1.23	0.408
	Over-supinated v. Normal	0.92	0.65, 1.30	0.629	0.99	0.69, 1.42	0.969
	Over-pronated v. Over-supinated	0.94	0.65, 1.36	0.727	0.87	0.59, 1.28	0.470
Foot Pain	Over-pronated v. Normal	1.10	0.87, 1.41	0.427	1.08	0.84, 1.39	0.557
	Over-supinated v. Normal	0.89	0.69, 1.15	0.373	0.97	0.74, 1.26	0.811
	Over-pronated v. Over-supinated	1.24	0.95, 1.62	0.108	1.11	0.85, 1.47	0.443

^†Adjusted by gender, age, and body mass index