Table 1.

Descriptions and dosages of the supplements

Treatment	Compound/kg diet
Beaver Dam longitudinal study of aging (Knudtson et al. 2007) (Each supplement adjusted with cross-species scaling factors for mouse administration according to the manufactures recommended human dosage except Lecithin which was reduced by half because the mice under-consumed the diet at the full dose.)	Lecithin (Solaray), 1.75 gm Ginkgo biloba (LEF), 189 mg Glucosamine HCl (Jarrow), 1.17 g glucosamine/kg diet Garlic (Pure Gar; LEF), 2.1 g
Bone Restore® plus K2 (584 mg/kg diet) (Recommended human dosage 5.0 g capsule material/day)	Bone Restore (LEF), 584 mg Ultra K2® (VRP), 350 mg Super K w k2® (LEF), 315 mg
LGcombo (60.83 g total supplement material/kg diet)	Aspirin (Sigma), 192 mg Blueberry Extract with Pomegranate (LEF), 817 mg Bone Restore (LEF), 350 mg Cinnulin PF (PE), 595 mg Super Ubiquinol Coq10 (LEF), 1.17 mg Creatine Micronized Caps (LEF), 1.66 g Curcumin 95 (Jarrow), 1.66 g DHEA (LEF), 248 mg Ginkgo biloba (LEF), 189 mg Glutathione Liposomal Liquid (EN), 48.2 μl GSH/ml water in mouse water bottles Green Tea Extract (Now), 1.14 g Hawthorn Extract (Flower & Leaf) (PE), 607 mg Neptune Krill Oil-NKO (Jarrow), 1.17 g (1.17 g of soybean oil was removed from the diet)] l-Carnitine caps (LEF), 1.30 g Lecithin (Solaray), 3.50 g Life Extension Mix (LEF), 0.89 g Melatonin (SN), 340 mg Milk Thistle (Solaray), 1.36 g Mineral Formula for Men (LEF), 105 mg Mitochondrial Energy Optimizerl (LEF), 2.1 g MSM (also known as methy-lsulfonylmethane and dimethyl sulfone) (LEF), 3.5 g Nanogreens10 (BPS), 14 g Nicotinic acid (Sigma), 1.17 g Opti-DHA (Douglas), 1.17 g Optimized Carnitine Caps (LEF), 1.96 g Ortho Corep (AOR), 5.76 g Ortho Mind 1.0 (AOR), 1.75 g Pomegranate extract (LEF), 911 mg Quercetina 1000 (Jarrow), 876 mg Resveratrol (Longevinex), 940 mg SAMe (CN), 619 mg Sesamin (Scivation), 2.15 g Super Digestive Enzyme Caps (LEF), 3.85 g Super K w k2 (LEF), 315 mg Super Zeanxanthin with Lutein (LEF), 315 mg TMG (also known as Trimethylglycine, glycine betaine) (LEF), 1.75 g Ultra K2 (VRP) (Menatetrenone), 350 mg
Juvenon® (Juvenon Inc.) (Ames 2004) (3.74 g of capsule material/kg diet) (Recommended human dosage 3.2 g capsule material/day)	α-Lipoic acid, 400 mg Acetyl-l-carnitine, 1.00 g Biotin, 200 μg
LRcombo diet supplement (Lemon et al. 2005) (27.8 g total/kg diet) (This concentration produces the same dose per mouse per day as in the original publication.)	Vitamin B1 (JV), 174 mg Vitamin B3 (JV), 174 mg Vitamin B6 (JV), 174 mg Vitamin B12 (JV), 17.4 mg Vitamin C (JV), 871 mg Vitamin D (JV), 605 IU Vitamin E (JV), 349 IU Acetyl-l-carnitine (Jarrow), 3.49 g α-Lipoic acid (NF), 174 mg Acetylsalicylic acid (Sigma), 605 mg β-Carotene (Jarrow) Bioflavinoids (SN), 1.045 g Chromium picolinate (SN) Cod liver oil (JV), 1,220 IU (an equivalent amount of soybean oil was removed from the diet) CoEnzyme Q10 (LEF), 107 mg DHEA (LEF), 40.4 mg Flax seed oil (LEF), 5.23 g (an equivalent amount of soybean oil was removed from the diet) Folic acid (JV), 2.42 mg Garlic (JV), 5.23 mg Ginger (LEF), 1.74 g Gingko biloba (LEF), 348 mg Ginseng (SN) Green tea extracts (NOW), 1.74 g l-Glutathione (Cell Life), 87.1 mg Magnesium (JV), 174 mg Melatonin (SN), 2.42 mg N-Acetyl cysteine (Jarrow), 1.74 g Potassium (JV), 87 mg Rutin (LEF), 174 mg Selenium (LEF), 261 μg Zinc (chelated) (JV), 33.9 mg
Life Extension Mix® (LEF) (12.5 g capsule material/kg diet) (Recommended human dosage 10.7 g capsule material/day)	Vitamin A, 467 IU Vitamin C, 187 mg Cholecalciferol, 75 IU; Vitamin E (as d-α-tocopheryl succinate), 37.4 IU Thiamine (vitamin B1) (as thiamine HCl), 11.7 mg Riboflavin (vitamin B2), 237 μg Niacin (vitamin B3) (as 53 % niacinamide, 38 % niacin, 9 % niacinamide ascorbate), 17.8 mg Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine HCI and pyridoxal 5′ phosphate coenzyme), 9.4 mg Folic acid, 75 μg Vitamin B12 (as 42 % cyanocobalamin, 42 % hydroxylcobalamin, 16 % ion exchange resin), 56 μg Biotin, 280 μg Pantothenic acid (as d-calcium pantothenate with pantethine), 56 mg Calcium (as calcium carbonate, calcium ascorbate, d-calcium pantothenate, Calcium d-Glucarate), 20.4 mg Iodine (as potassium iodide), 7.0 μg Magnesium (as magnesium oxide, citrate, glycinate, taurinate, arginate, ascorbate), 37.4 mg Zinc [as methionate (OptiZinc®3), zinc succinate], 33 mg Selenium (as 50 % se-methylselenocysteine, 25 % l-selenomethionine (yeast free) (SelenoPure®4), and 25 % sodium selenate), 18.7 μg Copper (as copper bisglycinate chelate), 93 μg Manganese (as manganese gluconate), 93 μg Chromium (as Chromium 454™5 bio-organic yeast extract matrix), 47 μg Molybdenum (as sodium molybdate), 11.7 μg Potassium (as potassium chloride), 3.5 mg N-Acetyl- l-cysteine (NAC), 56.1 mg Taurine, 200 mg; Inositol, 23.4 mg Phosphatidylcholine (from soy), 14 mg Choline (as choline bitartrate), 11.2 mg Boron (as boron citrate/aspartate/glycinate complex), 280 μg Ascorbyl palmitate (fat soluble vitamin C), 23.4 mg para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 18.7 mg Trimethylglycine (TMG; as betaine anhydrous) (from sugar beets), 9.4 mg α-Carotene 9.4 IU Citrus bioflavonoid complex [50 % total bioflavonoids; Typical profile: (to equal 50 % total bioflavonoids) Flavanone (Hesperidin) 35 %, Flavonones (Naringin, Naringenin 7-B-Rutinoside and others) 14 %, Flavonols, Flavones and related phenolic compounds 1 %], 18.7 mg Broccoli sprout concentrate (a proprietary blend of broccoli sprout concentrates and Calcium d-Glucarate providing sulforaphane, glucosinolates, D-3 T, and PEITC), 49 mg Calcium d-Glucarate, 18.7 mg Decaffeinated Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (leaf) [std. to 98 % polyphenols and 45 % Epigallocatechin gallate], 30.4 mg Acerola juice powder extract 1:4 (Malpighia punicifolia fruit), 28.0 mg Ginger root extract (Zingiber officinale root) [standardized for 5 % gingerols], 18.7 mg HiActives 100 % fruit/berry complex (a proprietary blend of concentrated blackberry, blueberry, cranberry, elderberry, persimmon, plum, and cherry powders), 18.7 mg VitaBlue®6 Wild Blueberry [(Vaccinium angustifolium) 130:1 extract (fruit) standardized to 14 % Total Phenolics, 4.9 % Total Anthocyanins, 660 ppm Pterostilbene], 14 mg CocoaGold™ Cocoa bean extract (Theobroma cacao L.) [std. to 45 % polyphenols], 6.3 mg Milk thistle extract (Silybum marianus) (seeds) [standardized for 85 % silymarin (85 mg)], 9.4 mg Pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract (fruit) [standardized to 30 % Punicalagins], 7.9 mg Bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus) (berry) [standardized for 25 % anthocyanidins], 2.8 mg Leucoselect®7 grapeseed extract (Vitis vinifera seeds) (std. for 95 % proanthocyanidins), 2.34 mg BioVin®8 grape extract (Vitis vinifera, whole grapes) [std. for minimum 95 % proanthocyanidins, minimum 75 % total polyphenols as gallic acid monohydrate, minimum 200 ppm trans-resveratrol], 2.34 mg Bromelain (from pineapple) (2,400 gelatin digestive units per gram), 1.4 mg Lutein (purified concentrate from marigold flowers) (Tagetes erecta), 1.4 mg Olive juice extract (fresh fruit) (std. to 50 % polyphenols, 6 % hydroxytyrosol), 1.17 mg Sesame (Sesamum indicum) lignan extract, 930 μg Luteolin [from perilla leaf extract (Perilla frutescens)], 748 μg Lycopene (from natural tomato extract) (Lyc-O-Mato®9), 280 μg
Ortho Core® (AOR) (5.76 g capsule material/kg diet) (Recommended human dosage = 4.94 g capsule material/day)	Pomegranate extract (40 % ellagic acid), 121.5 mg, Chlorophyllin complex, 182 mg trans-Resveratrol, 2.2 mg Sulforaphane, 8.6 mg Vitamin A Complex, Retinol (palmitate), 182 μg (608 IU) Natural-Source Mixed Carotenoids [α-carotene 1.94 mg (1618 IU), β-carotene, 7.3 mg (121379 IU), cryptoxanthin, 365 μg (303 IU); lutein, 8.14 mg; lycopene, 12 mg; astaxanthin, 2.4 mg; Zeaxanthin, 382 μg] Vitamin B Complex [B1 [(thiamine), 10.9 mg; B2 (riboflavin), 3.0 mg; B3 (niacin as 175 mg inositol hexanicotinate), 140 mg; B5 (d-Ca Pantothenate), 121 mg; B6 (Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate), 121 mg; B12 (Methylcobalamin), 786 μg] Folic acid, 972 μg Biotin, 365 μg Choline, 122 mg Inositol (from inositol, inositol hexanicotinate), 122 mg Vitamin C Complex: vitamin C (magnesium ascorbate), 146 mg Mixed Citrus Bioflavonoids, 122 mg Quercetin,a 79 mg Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 30 μg (1215 IU) Vitamin E Complex (including α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol; Tocotrienols, including: α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, δ-tocotrienol), 122 mg Vitamin K2 (as menatetrenone), 146 μg Boron citrate, 850 μg Calcium (Citrate, malate, carbonate, glucarate), 365 mg Chromium Picolinate, 122 μg Copper Citrate, 1.8 mg Potassium Iodide, 182 μg Magnesium (citrate, aspartate, oxide, ascorbate; Chlorophyllin), 255 mg Potassium chloride, 61 mg Manganese glycinate, 2.8 mg Sodium molybdate, 55 μg Se-Methylselenocysteine, 243 μg Sodium metasilicate, 61 mg Strontium citrate, 1.8 mg Vanadium picolinate, 22 μg Zinc citrate, 14 mg R(+)-Lipoic acid, 182 mg Ubidecarenone, 37 mg Green tea extract (45 % EGCG; 1 % caffeine), 607 mg N-Acetylcysteine, 243 mg
Ortho Mind® (AOR) (5.25 g capsule material/kg diet) (Recommended human dosage = 4.5 g capsule material/day)	R(+)-lipoic acid, 100 mg Huperzine-A (from 20 mg Huperzia serrata 0.5 %), 100 μg Vinpocetine, 15 mg Bacopa monniera extract (50 % baccosides A and B), 300 mg Ginkgo biloba extract (24 % ginkgoflavone glycosides, 6 % terpene lactones), 100 mg Cytidine diphosphate choline, 500 mg l-Pyroglutamic acid, 1,500 mg d-calcium pantothenate, 500 mg

BPS BioPharma Scientific, CN Cognitive Nutrition, EN Essential Nutraceuticals, JV Jamieson Vitamins, LEF Life Extension Foundation, NF Natural Factors, PE Pure Encapsulations, SN Source Naturals, VRP Vitamin Research Products

^aQuercetin was dissolved in the soybean oil component of the AIN-93M diet