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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014 Mar 19;139:86–92. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.008

Table 3.

Correlations between Stress Hormones, β-Endorphins, and Clinical Symptoms of AAS Dependence

AAS Dependene Number of AAS Cycles Duration of AAS Cycle Weeks Between Cycles Compulsive Exercise Q x F Exercise MDDI Global Score
β-endorphin .56* .42** .57* −.71** .54* .23 .09
 ACTH .33 .28 .27 .11 .18 .04 .18
24 hr Cortisol .02 .32 −.57* −.26 −.20 .16 .09
Plasma Cortisol .36 .16 .04 −.22 −.18 −.05 −.14

Note. Log transformations used for non-normal distributions of hormones and AAS symptom counts. AAS = Anabolic-androgenic steroid. ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone. Q x F = quantity x frequency of exercise over last 28 days.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

Spearman correlations reported.