Amelioration of lung fibrosis by transplantation of iPSC-derived alveolar epithelial cells in BLM-treated mice. Following intratracheal exposure of normal saline or 4 U/kg BLM, fibroblasts, undifferentiated iPSCs, or differentiated iPSCs were instilled intratracheally into mice on day 2. The lung tissues were excised on day 12. (A): H&E and Sirius Red/Fast Green staining of lung sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. Magnified views of the white dotted line areas were marked with yellow dotted lines. (B): The wet/dry ratio of lungs on day 12. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; n ≥ 7 per group; ∗∗, p < .01 versus the saline control group; ▴, p > .05 versus the BLM group; ∗, p < .05 versus the saline control group; #, p < .01 versus the BLM and BLM/fibroblast groups. (C): Collagen deposition in lung tissue was evaluated qualitatively by hydroxyproline assay. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; n ≥ 5 per group; ∗∗, p < .01 versus the saline control group; ▴, p > .05 versus the BLM group; ∗, p < .05 versus the saline control group; #, p < .01 versus the BLM and BLM/fibroblast groups. Abbreviations: BLM, bleomycin; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell.