Table 1.
Confounder Variables
| Construct | Item Description | Alpha (Youth/Mother) |
|---|---|---|
| Parent Efforts to Monitor | 5 items [1= almost always true to 5 = almost always false]. Example items include “Most afternoons or evenings my parents ask me if I have homework to do for the next day” and “I’m not allowed to leave home after dinner without my parent’s permission”. | 0.69/0.66 |
| Child Disclosure | Youth were asked how strongly they agree with the statement "I share my thoughts and feelings with my mother" [1=strongly agree to 5=strongly disagree] | -- |
| Quality of Communication | 6 items on a 1–5 Likert-type scale. The youth-report scale has 5 items on a 1–7 scale. Example items include how often the mother listens to the child’s point of view, criticizes the child’s ideas, and appreciates the child’s ideas. | 0.84/0.74 |
| Amount of Communication | 6 item scale. Items include how often parents and child talk about plans for the day, his or her school work, and what's going on in her life [1=every day to 6=never] | 0.71/0.65 |
| Affective Quality | 3 items. During the past month how often did your mother act loving and affectionate towards you | 0.75/0.82 |
| Consistent Discipline | 3 item scale [1= always, 5=never]. Examples of items include “Once a discipline has been decided, how often can he or she get out of it?” | 0.56/0.83 |
| Supervision | Youth were asked to rate how often (1) Is an adult home when you come home from school; (2) Do you get home from school before your parents are home (1= Always and 5=Never). | 0.73/0.71 |
| Standard Setting | 4 items on a 1–5 scale. When you don’t understand why your mom makes a rule for you to follow, how often does she explain the reason? [almost always to almost never] | 0.70/0.70 |
| Parent-Youth Conflict | 3 items [1=always to 5= never]. During an average week, how often do you and this child have serious arguments | 0.66/0.70 |
| Parent Education | 0=high school education or less; 1=some college | -- |
| Dual Bio Parent Status | 0=not living with biological parents; 1=living with both biological parents | -- |
| Gender | 0=female; 1=male | -- |
| Condition | 0=control group; 1=intervention condition | -- |
Confounder variables were measured at Wave 1 and include T1 levels of parental knowledge and youth outcome variables (not shown). All variables were recoded such that higher scores indicate higher levels of each construct