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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Sci. 2014 Dec;15(6):869–878. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0443-1

Table 3.

Average Causal Effect (ACE) of Parental Knowledge on Youth Risky Behavior

B SE t P value

Delinquency −0.81 0.37 −2.18 <.05
Substance Use Initiation −0.51 0.22 −2.36 <.05
Polysubstance Use Initiation −0.4 0.17 −2.37 <.05
Alcohol Use −0.69 0.31 −2.23 <.05
Substance Use Expectancies 0.09 0.1 1.36 0.17ns
Attitudes Towards Substances 0.31 0.11 2.78 <.001
Substance Use Norms −0.16 0.13 −1.19 0.23ns
Antisocial Peer Associations −0.15 0.17 −0.93 0.35ns
Cigarette Use −0.25 0.12 −2.18 <.05