Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for all participants

Groups	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
All participants	Right handed Gender (female and male) Age limit: 18–55 years MR suitability Written informed consent	Pregnancy or breast feeding Any craniocerebral injury or surgery Any permanent ferromagnetic implant Any previous surgery of LUT/genitalia Any anatomical anomaly of LUT/genitalia Any LUT malignancy PVR >150 mL UTI
Healthy controls	Unimpaired LUT function No LUTS (3-day bladder diary) No episode of urinary urgency/week Urinary frequency <8/24 h	Impaired LUT function Any LUTS (3-day bladder diary) Any number of episodes of urinary urgency/week Urinary frequency >8/24 h
Patients with non-neurogenic LUTS	LUTS >6 months (3-day bladder diary) ≥ 2episodes of urinary urgency/week Urinary frequency >8/24 h	Any neurological, psychological, metabolic or cardiovascular disease Any concomitant treatment for the LUT (eg, neuromodulation) SUI Indwelling catheters or necessity to perform ISC

ISC, intermittent self-catheterisation; LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms; PVR, postvoid residual; SUI, stress urinary incontinence.