Table 1.
Characteristics of Russians with HIV infection, injection drug use and heavy drinking by 3-month overdose status and by anti-retroviral treatment (ART) status
| N (%)a | Total N=294 | 3-month OD N=47 | No 3-month OD N=247 | On ART N=21 | Off ART N=273 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 29 (27-33) | 29 (27-33) | 29 (27-33) | 31 (27-33) | 29 (27-33) |
| Tertile 1: 18-27 | 98 (33%) | 17 (36%) | 81 (33%) | 8 (38%) | 90 (33%) |
| Tertile 2: 28-31 | 93 (32%) | 12 (26%) | 81 (33%) | 4 (19%) | 89 (33%) |
| Tertile 3: 32-57 | 103 (35%) | 18 (38%) | 85 (34%) | 9 (43%) | 94 (34%) |
| Female | 117 (40%) | 21 (45%) | 96 (39%) | 8 (38%) | 109 (40%) |
| Married or living with partner | 81 (28%) | 11 (23%) | 70 (28%) | 11 (52%)* | 70 (26%)* |
| Unemployed | 88 (30%) | 12 (26%) | 76 (31%) | 4 (19%) | 84 (31%) |
| Previous incarceration | 144 (49%) | 27 (57%) | 117 (47%) | 11 (52%) | 133 (49%) |
| Past year drug or alcohol treatment | 176 (60%) | 30 (64%) | 146 (60%) | 9 (45%) | 167 (61.4%) |
| ART at time of interview | 21 (7%) | 7 (15%)* | 14 (6%)* | 21 (100%)* | 273 (0%)* |
| CD4 cell count,** median (IQR) | 345 (186-550) | 358 (243-533) | 328 (180-580) | 327 (180-520) | 351 (186-580) |
| <200 | 45/169 (27%) | 5/30 (17%) | 40/139 (29%) | 4/15 (27%) | 41/154 (27%) |
| 200-349 | 41/169 (24%) | 9/30 (30%) | 32/139 (23%) | 5/15 (33%) | 36/154 (23%) |
| 350-499 | 30/169 (18%) | 7/30 (23%) | 23/139 (17%) | 2/15 (13%) | 28/154 (18%) |
| 500 or greater | 53/169 (31%) | 9/30 (30%) | 44/139 (32%) | 4/15 (27%) | 49/154 (32%) |
| Years since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR) | 4.0 (1.3-7.8) | 5.1 (1.2-7.8) | 3.9 (1.4-7.9) | 7.6 (6.8-8.1)* | 3.7 (1.1-7.6)* |
| Lifetime suicide attempt or thoughts | 172 (59%) | 30 (64%) | 142 (58%) | 13 (62%) | 159 (58%) |
| Beck Depression Index II, median (IQR) | 20 (14-28) | 22 (13-31) | 20 (14-28) | 20 (15-26) | 20 (14-28) |
| No depression | 65 (22%) | 12 (25%) | 53 (22%) | 4 (19%) | 61 (22%) |
| Mild depression | 74 (25%) | 8 (17%) | 66 (27%) | 6 (29%) | 68 (25%) |
| Moderate depression | 88 (30%) | 14 (30%) | 74 (30%) | 8 (38%) | 80 (29%) |
| Severe depression | 67 (23%) | 13 (28%) | 54 (22%) | 3 (14%) | 64 (23%) |
| Risky drinking, 30 days | 257 (87%) | 45 (96%) | 212 (86%) | 18 (86%) | 239 (88%) |
| Alcohol dependent, 12 months | 183 (62%) | 32 (68%) | 151 (61%) | 13 (62%) | 170 (62%) |
| Heroin use, 12 months | |||||
| Heroin use only | 38 (13%) | 2 (4%) | 36 (15%) | 1 (5%) | 37 (13%) |
| Heroin and other drug use | 248 (84%) | 44 (94%) | 204 (83%) | 17 (81%) | 231 (85%) |
| Non-heroin drug use only | 8 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 3 (14%) | 5 (2%) |
| Sex trade involvement, 3 months | 64 (22%) | 14 (30%) | 50 (20%) | 2 (10%) | 62 (23%) |
| Injection frequency, 30days, median (IQR) | 50 (10-81) | 60 (30-93)* | 40 (10-70)* | 5 (2-60)* | 50 (13-81)* |
| Ouartile 1: 1-10 | 76 (26%) | 6 (13%) | 70 (28%) | 11 (52%) | 65 (24%) |
| Quartile 2: 12-48 | 70 (24%) | 9 (19%) | 61 (25%) | 3 (14%) | 67 (25%) |
| Ouartile 3: 50-81 | 75 (25%) | 15 (32%) | 60 (24%) | 2 (10%) | 73 (27%) |
| Quartile 4: 85-200 | 73 (25%) | 17 (36%) | 56 (23%) | 5 (24%) | 68 (25%) |
| Distributive sharing, 30 days | 115 (39%) | 17 (36%) | 98 (40%) | 6 (29%) | 109 (40%) |
| Receptive sharing, 30 days | 138 (47%) | 26 (55%) | 112 (46%) | 9 (43%) | 129 (48%) |
| Other substance use before injecting, 30 days** | 213/285 (75%) | 39/46 (85%) | 174/239 (73%) | 13/18 (72%) | 200/267 (75%) |
| Lifetime overdose | 223 (76%) | 47 (100%)* | 176 (71%)* | 19 (91%) | 204 (75%) |
*
p<0.05
**
N=169 for CD4 cell count and N=285 for other substance use before injecting, all other denominators indicated by column headings
ART – Anti-retroviral treatment
IQR – Interquartile range
a
Except where medians and IQRS are given, as noted