Table 3.

Whole-brain group differences (mindfulness > basic) during the expectation of emotional stimuli

Anatomic region	Brodmann area	Cluster size	Peak Talairach coordinates			t-max	P-max
		mm3	X	Y	Z
(a) Expectation negative > expectation neutral
Inferior frontal gyrus (DLPFC) L	44/45	3562	−49	16	12	3.9	3.0E-04
Middle/inferior frontal gyrus L	45/47	2766	−46	46	−6	4.8	1.9E-05
Middle frontal gyrus L	6/9	8365	−43	13	42	4.3	1.0E-04
Superior/medial frontal gyrus (DMPFC) L (Figure 4)	6	3094	−7	7	54	4.7	2.6E-05
Middle temporal gyrus L	21	965	−61	−41	−9	4.4	6.3E-05
Middle temporal gyrus L	39	3664	−55	−53	15	3.8	4.6E-04
Supramarginal gyrus L	40	694	−58	−47	30	3.8	4.1E-04
(b) Expectation ‘unknown’ > expectation neutral
Inferior frontal gyrus L	45/46/47	5354	−52	25	12	4.3	1.06E-04
Middle frontal/precentral gyrus (DLPFC) L	6/9	6177	−37	−2	39	4.5	4.60E-05
Superior/medial frontal gyrus (DMPFC) L	6	2558	−4	7	54	4.4	6.40E-05
Precentral gyrus L	6/44	928	−58	4	12	3.8	4.99E-04
Anterior insula R	13	964	38	4	6	3.7	5.15E-04
Insula anterior/posterior L	13	3958	−43	7	3	4.2	1.25E-04
Cingulate anterior L	32	1119	−7	19	39	4.2	1.36E-04
Inferior parietal lobule R	40	1014	53	−38	27	3.8	3.93E-04
Caudate L		1335	−16	19	9	3.9	3.76E-04

FMRI analysis of emotion expectation in the mindfulness group vs the basic group. Activated areas in a random effects analysis (rfx) with a voxel-wise threshold of P < 0.005 mean that the contrast difference (expectation emotional > expectation neutral) were greater in the mindfulness group compared with the basic group. (a) Expectation negative > expectation neutral. Minimum cluster size for global error probability of P < 0.05: 972 mm³ (34 functional voxel). (b) Expectation ‘unknown’ > expectation neutral. Minimum cluster size for global error probability of P < 0.05: 945 mm³ (35 functional voxel).

Note. Smaller clusters in the table result from manually splitting bigger clusters with several local maxima into anatomically separate subclusters.

R, right; L, left.