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. 2014 May 11;11:22. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-22

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Copyright © 2014 Luanpitpong et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Chronic exposure to SWCNT induces malignant transformation and CSC formation in bronchial epithelial cells. (A) Analysis of colony formation (left) and tumor spheres (right) in passage control BC cells, chronic SWCNT-exposed BSW cells, and lung cancer H460 cells after two weeks of culture. (B) Quantitative analysis of colony (top) and tumor spheres (bottom). (C) Analysis of side population (SP) in BC, BSW, and H460 cells in the presence or absence of fumitremorgin c (FTC) using FACS. SP cells (box) are determined by their disappearance in the presence of FTC. (D, E) Analysis of second-generation tumor spheres (D) and SP (E). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). *p < 0.05 vs. control BC cells.