. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Fam Psychol. 2014 Mar 10;28(2):125–137. doi: 10.1037/a0036007

Table 3.

Multilevel models predicting level and change in parenting stress (PS)

	PS, T2 (n = 148) (γ, SE)	PS, T2, < 6 mos (n = 108) (γ, SE)	PS, T2, > 6 mos (n = 40) (γ, SE)	PS, T2, w/Interactions (n = 148) (γ, SE)	PS, T4 (n = 148) (γ, SE)
Intercept	60.19 (2.13)^***	60.47 (2.59)^***	61.00 (2.33)^***	60.01 (2.10)^***	64.18 (2.34)^***

Child Age at Placement	.41 (.10)^***	.97 (.64)	.70 (.15)^***	.10 (.65)	.36 (.12)^**
Severe Behavior Probs	16.88 (4.35)^***	2.39 (11.87)	13.38 (5.00)^**	9.69 (5.89)⁺	1.21 (4.94)
Minor Behavior Probs	4.46 (3.92)	−.92 (5.41)	12.30 (5.83)^*	4.41 (3.89)	.006 (4.34)
Developmental Probs	2.22 (2.81)	4.26 (4.97)	3.68 (3.59)	2.80 (2.70)	9.44 (3.22)^**
Depression	11.00 (2.22)^***	9.07 (2.43)^***	11.00 (5.51)^*	10.45 (2.19)^***	11.16 (2.45)^***
Love	−3.35 (1.14)^**	−3.27 (1.29)^*	−1.72 (2.41)	−3.46 (1.12)^**	−2.85 (1.29)^*
Sexual Orientation	−.29 (2.73)	−1.72 (3.08)	−4.69 (7.24)	−1.12 (2.70)	−1.56 (3.03)
Friend Support	−6.94 (1.90)^***	−7.69 (2.21)^**	−9.24 (3.84)^*	−7.60 (1.88)^***	−3.44 (2.09)
Family Support	−2.07 (1.09)⁺	−3.32 (1.40)^*	−1.26 (1.75)	−2.24 (1.07)^*	−3.83 (1.21)^**
Family Income	.15 (.11)	.11 (.12)	.27 (.29)	.11 (.11)	.10 (.12)
Parent Gender	1.54 (2.11)	.97 (2.57)	3.80 (3.18)	2.13 (2.07)	1.28 (2.28)
Child Gender	−1.82 (1.68)	−1.58 (2.07)	−.88 (3.20)	−2.04 (1.66)	.46 (1.87)
Child Health Probs	2.87 (1.83)	4.77 (2.19)^*	−1.39 (3.62)	3.12 (1.83)⁺	.26 (2.05)
Gender x Sexual Or	2.75 (3.26)	.94 (3.74)	11.36 (7.66)	3.38 (3.25)	1.84 (3.61)
Ch Age x Severe Probs				.24 (.21)
Ch Age x Par Gender				.47 (.12)^***

Change	2.19 (1.42)	−3.26 (2.77)	7.17 (3.30)^*	2.13 (1.42)	2.17 (1.28)⁺

Child Age at Placement	−.02 (.07)	−.54 (.39)	−.02 (.12)	−.01 (.06)	−.02 (.06)
Severe Behavior Probs	−8.26 (3.01)^**	−.99 (4.09)	−7.67 (3.99)⁺	−8.80 (3.00)^**	−9.01 (2.73)^**
Minor Behavior Probs	−2.97 (2.73)	−.67 (3.26)	−9.16 (5.31)⁺	−2.95 (2.74)	−2.36 (2.44)
Developmental Probs	3.59 (1.96)⁺	4.02 (3.26)	3.21 (3.08)	3.55 (1.96)⁺	4.21 (1.75)^*
Depression	−.74 (1.43)	.17 (1.38)	4.02 (5.43)	−.66 (1.43)	.14 (1.29)
Love	−.06 (.77)	−.99 (.75)	1.79 (2.24)	−.09 (.77)	.32 (.71)
Sexual Orientation	−.61 (2.15)	1.60 (1.75)	−9.51 (6.74)	−.69 (1.81)	−.75 (1.62)
Friend Support	1.89 (1.25)	1.84 (1.30)	2.64 (3.38)	1.94 (1.25)	2.01 (1.26)
Family Support	−.92 (.74)	.22 (.82)	−2.39 (1.64)	−.88 (.74)	−1.05 (.67)
Family Income	−.02 (.08)	−.04 (.07)	−.06 (.24)	−.02 (.08)	−.01 (.07)
Parent Gender	.11 (1.37)	.33 (1.50)	.11 (3.35)	.18 (.36)	−.18 (1.28)
Child Gender	1.27 (1.13)	1.68 (1.14)	−.22 (2.52)	1.30 (1.13)	1.20 (.99)
Child Health Probs	−1.36 (1.22)	−1.40 (1.20)	−2.34 (2.91)	−1.37 (1.22)	−1.51 (1.09)
Gender x Sexual Or	−.61 (2.14)	−.50 (2.14)	1.94 (7.17)	−.70 (2.14)	−.22 (1.96)

⁺

p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.