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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Res Gerontol Nurs. 2014 Feb 5;7(3):113–125. doi: 10.3928/19404921-20140127-02

Table 4.

Communication Strategies across the sessions for the 38 Nurse-Patient Dyads

Mean±SD Min Max
Unaided Strategies

Mouthing 2.26±1.55 0 4
Gesturing 2.58±1.33 0 4
Head Nods 3.55±0.92 0 4
Facial Expression 1.68±1.38 0 4
Non-verbal but communicative action (ex. purposeful look, purposeful squeeze) 3.34±0.88 1 4

Low Tech Strategies

Drawing 0.03±0.16 0 1
Writing 0.32±0.77 0 3
Points to letter board 0.18±0.56 0 3
First letter spelling while mouthing 0.03±0.16 0 1
Point to an encoded symbol representing a phrase 0.03±0.16 0 1
Indicate phrase in response to partner’s auditory/visual scanning of phrase choice list 0.03±0.16 0 1

High Tech Strategies

Direct Selection- Message 0.03±0.16 0 1
Scan- spell 0.03±0.16 0 1