Table 1. Targeted therapies in HNSCC.

Type of drug	Drug	Target	Stage of development	NCT number
Adenovirus gene therapy	Advexin	p53	Phase III	NCT00064103
	ONYX-015	p53	Approved in China	N/A
CDK inhibitor	P276-00	pRb	Phase II	NCT0089954
Monoclonal antibody	Cetuximab	EGFR	In clinical use	N/A
	Panitumumab		Phase II	NCT00756444 NCT00454779 NCT00820248
	Zalutumumab		Phase III	NCT00496652
	Nimotuzumab		Phase III	NCT00957086
	Bevacizumab	VEGFR	Phase II	NCT01588431
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Gefitinib	EGFR	Phase III	NCT00206219 NCT00684385
	Erlotinib	EGFR	Phase II	NCT01064479
	Lapatinib	EGFR, HER2	Phase III	NCT00424255
	Afatinib	EGFR, HER2, ErbB4	Phase III	NCT01856478 NCT01345669 NCT01345682
	Sorafenib	VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, Raf, PDGFR	Phase II	NCT00939627
	Sunitinib	VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR, RET, c-KIT	Phase II	NCT00387335
	Vandetanib	EGFR, VEGFR, RET	Phase II	NCT00459043
	Pazopanib	VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR, c-KIT	Phase II	NCT01377298
	Axitinib	VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR, c-KIT	Phase II	NCT01469546
	Nilotinib	BCR-ABL, c-KIT, PDGFR	Phase I	NCT01871311
MEK inhibitor	Trametinib	MEK	Phase I	NCT01725100
PI3K inhibitor	PX866	PI3K	Phase II	NCT01204099
	BKM120	PI3K	Phase II	NCT01527877
	BYL719	PI3K	Phase II	NCT01602315
	Rigosertib	PI3K, PLK	Phase II	NCT01807546
AKT inhibitor	MK2206	AKT	Phase II	NCT01349933
mTOR inhibitor	Rapamycin	mTOR	Phase II	NCT01195922
	Everolimus	mTOR	Phase II	NCT01133678
	Temsirolimus	mTOR	Phase II	NCT01172769
	CC-115	mTOR, DNA-PK	Phase I	NCT01353625
JAK inhibitor	Ruxolitinib	JAK	Phase I	NCT04822756
MET/VEGFR inhibitor	Foretinib	MET, VEGFR-2	Phase II	NCT00725764
	E7050/Golvatinib	MET, VEGFR-2	Phase II	NCT01332266
MET inhibitor	LY2801653	MET	Phase I	NCT01285037
PDK inhibitor	Dichloroacetate	PDK	Phase I	NCT01386632
AMPK activator	Metformin	AMPK	Phase II	NCT01333852

Data source: www.clinicaltrials.gov