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. 2014 Jun 2;8:346. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00346

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Pennington’s multiple deficit model. Double headed arrows indicate interactions. Causal connections between levels of analysis are omitted. G = genetic risk or protective factor, E = environmental risk or protective factor, N = neural system, C = cognitive process, D = complex behavioural disorder.