Table 2.

Multivariable Associations With Occurrence of Restricting Symptoms^a

Characteristicb	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Valuec
Age <85 y	1.30 (1.07–1.57)	.009
Female sex	1.16 (0.96–1.39)	.12
Nonwhite raced	1.28 (0.97–1.70)	.08
Education <12 y	1.05 (0.86–1.28)	.64
Multimorbidity	1.38 (1.09–1.75)	.008
Month in last year of life	1.14 (1.11–1.16)	<.001
Cognitive impairmente	1.06 (0.76–1.47)	.74
Conditions leading to deathf
Cancer	1.80 (1.03–3.14)	.04
Dementia	1.34 (0.74–2.41)	.34
Frailty	1.51 (0.87–2.61)	.14
Organ failure	1.70 (0.98–2.95)	.06
Other	1.37 (0.78–2.41)	.27

^aAll variables shown in this table have been dichotomized, except for month in last year of life, which was considered as a continuous variable, with increasing proximity to time of death associated with increased risk of occurrence of restricting symptoms, which were defined as 1 or more of the following 15 symptoms: fatigue; dizziness or unsteadiness; memory or thinking problem; swelling in feet or ankles; cold or influenza symptoms; musculoskeletal pain; shortness of breath; depression; anxiety; poor eyesight; arm or leg weakness; nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; urinary problems; difficulty sleeping; and chest pain or tightness.

^bCharacteristics were determined during the most proximate comprehensive assessment prior to death.

^cAll P values are from logistic regression with generalized estimating equations in SAS Proc Genmod.

^dRace was self-reported; nonwhite category included Hispanics.

^eCognitive impairment was defined as a Folstein Mini–Mental State examination score of less than 20.

^fParticipants dying of sudden death were considered the referent category.