TABLE 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing mitral valve repair: Entire study population
| Variable | Median sternotomy (n = 455) | Minimally invasive (n = 556) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 57.7 ± 13.6 | 57.6 ± 12.7 | 1.0 |
| Gender (% female) | 174 (38.2%) | 211 (37.9%) | .9 |
| BMI (kg/m–2) | 26.6 ± 5.4 | 26.7 ± 7.6 | .8 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 27 (5.9%) | 20 (3.6%) | .1 |
| Hypertension | 233 (51.3%) | 237 (42.7%) | .006 |
| Infective endocarditis | 42 (9.3%) | 27 (4.9%) | .008 |
| Chronic lung disease | 58 (12.8%) | 43 (7.7%) | .008 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 14 (3.1%) | 11 (2.0%) | .3 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (8.2%) | 37 (6.7%) | .4 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 57 (12.6%) | 64 (11.5%) | .6 |
| NYHA functional class | <.001 | ||
| I | 111 (25.1%) | 139 (25.1%) | |
| II | 186 (42.0%) | 304 (55.0%) | |
| III | 132 (29.8%) | 86 (15.6%) | |
| IV | 14 (3.2%) | 24 (4.3%) | |
| Cause | .003 | ||
| Degenerative | 280/401 (61.5%) | 242/298 (81.2%) | |
| Functional | 65/401 (16.2%) | 30/298 (10.1%) | |
| Rheumatic | 4/401 (1.0%) | 5/298 (1.7%) | |
| Other | 52/401 (13.0%) | 21/298 (7.0%) | |
| Echocardiography | |||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 54.2 ± 14.5 | 56.0 ± 11.5 | .04 |
| Severe MR | 442 (97.4%) | 547 (98.4%) | .3 |
| Mild or greater TR | 252 (55.9%) | 127 (23.8%) | < .001 |
Continuous variables are expressed as means ± standard deviation. BMI, Body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; MR, mitral regurgitation; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.