Table 2. Influence of carbenoxolone on cognitive function in healthy elderly men and patients with type 2 diabetes.
| Healthy elderly subjects
|
Patients with type 2 diabetes
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive domain | Neuropsychological measures | Placebo with amiloride mean (SD) | Carbenoxolone with amiloride mean (SD) | P | Placebo with amiloride mean (SD) | Carbenoxolone with amiloride mean (SD) | P |
| Executive function | Verbal fluency | 40.6 (12.4) | 44.2 (10.6) | 0.006 | 42.2 (8.4) | 42.7 (6.4) | 0.48 |
| Memory | |||||||
| Visual | WM visual reproduction | 59.2 (18.2) | 66.2 (8.4) | 0.28 | 59.9 (13.3) | 60.2 (7.9) | 0.94 |
| Verbal | WM logical memory | 47.0 (19.2) | 53.2 (18.1) | 0.13 | 49.7 (13.8) | 49.7 (17.7) | 0.78 |
| Rey AVLT | 51.5 (10.5) | 53.9 (8.5) | 0.47 | 55.2 (8.0) | 58.8 (5.2) | 0.005 | |
| Nonverbal reasoning | RSPM | 45.1 (5.9) | 46.3 (8.5) | 0.45 | 44.0 (6.6) | 45.4 (8.0) | 0.17 |
| Processing speed | DSST | 50.7 (7.8) | 51.9 (8.5) | 0.70 | 50.3 (6.7) | 50.6 (5.5) | 0.78 |
WM, Wechsler Memory Scale-revised; AVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; RSPM, Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution test. Values in bold indicate a significant difference compared with placebo.