Table 1.
Effects of dietary administration with PPC or SBI on growth and measures of intestinal function from representative preclinical and clinical studies
| Study | Model/indication | Impact of dietary supplementation with PPC or SBI | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | Weanling pigs | • Consistent improvement in growth, feed intake, and, sometimes, feed conversion with spray-dried plasma from porcine, bovine, and mixed origin. | Torrallardona1 |
| • Growth performance improved by the IgG-rich fraction. | Pierce et al36 | ||
| • Significantly increased mean daily body weight gains, food conversion, lean body mass; no difference in protein intake. • Significantly lower circulating urea concentrations (P<0.05), indicating greater retention of nitrogen and reduced amino acid catabolism. |
Jiang et al35 | ||
| • Reduced ileal permeability, reduced colonic paracellular permeability, significantly improved fecal scores. • Fewer lamina propria cells in ileum and colon. • Reduced transepithelial electrical resistance in the colon – improved tight junction. |
Peace et al13 | ||
| Animal (models of intestinal inflammation) | Pigs infected with rotavirus | • Significantly reduced diarrhea. • Significantly greater intestinal mucosal protein and lactase activity. |
Corl et al6 |
| Pigs challenged with ETEC K88 | • Increased average daily weight gain and food intake. • Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and mucosal damage. • Increased crypt depth, reduced intestinal expression of proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-8. |
Bosi et al5 | |
| Rats exposed to SEB | • Improved ion transport function, as measured by reductions in the potential difference across the jejunum and Na-K-ATPase activity. • Improved mucosal permeability (dextran flux and HRP paracellular flux). |
Pérez-Bosque et al14 | |
| • Prevented the SEB-induced increase in IFN-γ, IL-6, and LTB4 in Peyer’s patches and in the mucosa. • Increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and mature TGF-β) in intestinal mucosa. |
Pérez-Bosque et al4 | ||
| Human | HIV-positive adults with enteropathy (N=8) | • Significant reduction in mean bowel movements/day and improvement in stool consistency scores after 8 weeks (P=0.008). • Significant reduction in GI questionnaire scores from 17 at baseline to 8 at 8 weeks (P=0.008). • No change in gut permeability (disaccharide absorption); increase in D-xylose absorption in 7/8 subjects. • Maintained stool frequency and consistency for an additional 9 months (N=5). |
Asmuth et al7 |
| Human | Adults with IBS-D (N=66) | • 10 g/day showed significant decrease in number of symptom days with abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, loose stools, urgency, or any symptom over 6 weeks (P<0.05). • 5 g/day showed significant improvements in loose stools, hard stools, flatulence, and incomplete evacuation (P<0.05). |
Wilson et al8 |
Abbreviations: PPC, plasma protein concentrates; SBI, serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate; IgG, immunoglobulin G; ETEC K88, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, K88 strain; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-8, interleukin-8; SEB, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B; Na-K-ATPase, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-6, interleukin 6; LTB4, leukotriene B4; IL-10, interleukin-10; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; GI, gastrointestinal; IBS-D, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.