TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics for children included in the study versus those excluded
| Variables | Excluded (N = 836) | Included (N = 1143) |
|---|---|---|
| Race (n, %) | ||
| Chinese | 629 (75.24) | 850 (74.37) |
| Malay | 132 (15.79) | 217 (18.99) |
| Other | 75 (8.97) | 76 (6.65) |
| Gender (n, %) | ||
| Male | 423 (50.6) | 578 (50.57) |
| Female | 413 (49.4) | 565 (49.43) |
| School (n, %) | ||
| 1 | 49 (5.86) | 264 (23.1) |
| 2 | 130 (15.55) | 575 (50.3) |
| 3 | 657 (78.59) | 304 (26.6) |
| Parents myopic (n, %) | ||
| 0 (no parent) | 307 (36.85) | 459 (40.16) |
| 1 (one parent) | 332 (39.86) | 446 (39.02) |
| 2 (both parents) | 194 (23.29) | 238 (20.82) |
| Father’s education (n, %) | ||
| 1 | 23 (3.13) | 49 (4.229) |
| 2 | 163 (19.59) | 310 (27.15) |
| 3 | 327 (39.3) | 424 (37.13) |
| 4 | 157 (18.87) | 156 (13.66) |
| 5 | 159 (19.11) | 203 (17.78) |
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) | ||
| n | 613 | 1023 |
| Mean (std) | 116.87 (11.01) | 112.69 (12.39) |
| Median (range) | 125 (75, 125) | 122 (75, 129) |
| Number of books read per week | ||
| n | 832 | 1143 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.56 (2.56) | 2.64 (2.83) |
| Median (range) | 2 (0, 20) | 2 (0, 50) |
Note: Father’s education level, 1 = no education, 2 = primary education, 3 = secondary education, 4 = tertiary/diploma education, 5 = tertiary/university education, n = sample size, SD = standard deviation, gender 1.