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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Jan-Feb;17(1):18–24. doi: 10.3109/09286580903450320

TABLE 2.

Multiple linear regression models of visual acuity (better eye) in grade 4 and school performance assessed by the grade 4 nationwide examination

Grade 4
Grade 3
Characteristics Regression
coefficient and 95% CI
Regression
coefficient and 95% CI
Visual acuity in better eye 2.44 (−1.90, 6.79) 1.98 (−2.49, 6.46)
Gender, male versus female −4.09 (−5.59, −.60) −4.01 (−5.52, −2.51)
Ethnicity
Chinese 1.38 (−1.77, 4.54) 0.21 (−3.01, 3.44)
Malay −3.23 (−6.72, 0.25) −4.28 (−7.81, −0.75)
Other
School
1 1.91 (−0.41, 4.23) 2.12 (−0.18, 4.43)
2 0.27 (−1.65, 2.18) 0.47 (−1.46, 2.39)
3
Father’s educational level
1 −19.06 (−23.25, −14.87) −19.30 (−23.56, −15.04)
2 −10.41 (−13.13, 27.69) −10.89 (−13.64, 28.15)
3 −6.65 (−9.05, −4.24) −7.19 (−9.62, −4.76)
4 −1.43 (−4.17, 1.31) −1.44 (−4.19, 1.32)
5
Number of books read/week 0.48 (0.22, 0.74) 0.48 (0.22, 0.74)
Intellegence Quota (IQ) score 0.61 (0.55, 0.68) 0.60 (0.53, 0.66)

Note: Father’s Education Level, 1 = no education, 2 = primary education, 3 = secondary education, 4 = tertiary/diploma education, 5 = tertiary/university education. CI = Confidence interval.