. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014 Jan-Feb;29(1):12–19. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e318274d19b

Table 2. Univariate Associations between Caregiving and Clinical Outcomes among Cardiac Surgery Patients.

	Clinical Outcomes
	Post-Operative Length-of-Stay >7 Days	Rehospitalization or Death at 1-Year
	OR (95%CI); p	OR (95%CI); p
Type of Caregiving
Any Caregiving (n=183) vs. None (n=482)	1.86 (1.30–2.65); p=0.0006	1.57(1.11–2.21); p=0.01
Paid (n=54) vs. None^a (n=482)	3.00 (1.57–5.74); p=0.0006	2.09(1.18–3.69); p=0.01
Informal (n=129) vs. None (n=482)	1.55(1.04–2.31); p=0.03	1.39 (0.94–2.06); p=0.10
Paid (n=54) vs. Informal (n=129)	1.93 (0.94–3.96); p=0.07	1.50 (0.79–2.85); p=0.21
Extent of Caregiving
Extensive (n=77) vs. Non-Extensive (n=535)^b	2.17(1.29–3.64); p=0.003	1.91(1.18–3.10); p=0.008

Patients who reported having both paid and informal caregivers [n=13] were categorized as having a paid caregiver

n=53 missing data on extent of caregiving