Table 3.

Seasonal Darkness Effects on Mean (± SD) Melatonin and Cortisol Timing and Quantity in Pregnant Healthy Control (HC) Subjects and Depressed Patients (DP). Shorter vs. Longer Darkness was based on a median split on darkness durations (Sunset Time – Sunrise Time) in HC and DP groups, combined. Significant differences between Longer vs. Shorter Darkness are highlighted in boldface. [-] designates Effect Sizes in which HC and DP are numerically in opposite directions.

					Melatonin Synthesis					Cortisol Synthesis
	Median Split Darkness	Sunrise (hh:mm)	Sunset (hh:mm)	Darkness (Sunset– Sunrise) (h)	DLMO (hh:mm)	Offset (hh:mm)	DLMOff (hh:mm)	Duration (h)	AUC (pg/ml/h)	Acrophase (hh:mm)	Mesor (ug/dL)	Amplitude (ug/dL)
HC	Shorter (N=8)	05:01 (00:12)	18:40 (00:17)	10.30 (0.46)	19:38 (1:27)	04:53 (1:02)	9:58 (1:09)	9.25 (1.10)	1256.5 (618.5)	9:28 (1:09)	19.16 (6.54)	10.10 (3.47)
	Longer (N=4)	06:03 (00:30)	17:22 (00:17)	12.70 (0.70)	20:15 (0:41)	05:30 (0:42)	9:52 (1:45)	9.25 (0.50)	1870.5 (1166.0)	9:16 (0:44)	18.14 (12.51)	8.98 (5.78)
	Effect Size				[-]0.496	[-]0.658	0.069	0.000	[-]0.731	0.210	[-]0.122	[-]0.271
	F(1,10)	27.779	58.493	49.91	0.646	1.174	0.013	0.000	1.488	0.267	0.067	0.182
	P	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.440	0.304	0.913	1.000	0.251	0.617	0.801	0.679
DP	Shorter (N=6)	05:08 (00:20)	18:35 (00:22)	10.54 (0.70)	20:04 (00:31)	06:00 (0:54)	9:55 (1:24)	9.54 (1.08)	1782.5 (1027.9)	10:34 (0:21)	16.14 (5.56)	9.02 (2.78)
	Longer (N=11)	06:01 (00:22)	17:26 (00:30)	12.59 (0.80)	19:00 (1:05)	04:40 (1:14)	9:11 (1:11)	9.71 (1.96)	927.3 (272.2)	9:28 (0:53)	16.78 (5.60)	9.48 (3.36)
	Effect Size				1.080	1.038	0.581	0.097	1.149	1.203	0.118	0.149
	F(1,15)	23.725	24.24	27.379	4.620	5.297	1.322	0.035	7.078	8.096	0.051	0.081
	P	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.050	0.036	0.268	0.854	0.018	0.012	0.824	0.78