Table 1.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Adolescent Report of Language Brokering
| Factor/Item | λ | χ2 (df) | CFI | RMSEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent-Focused Burden | 10.09 (2) | .99 | .09 | |
| It is stressful to translate | .82 | |||
| Translating is a burden | .93 | |||
| Translating takes time away from other things I want to do | .73 | |||
| I feel pressure to translate for my parent | .64 | |||
| Parent-Focused Burden | 2.78 (2) | 1.00 | .03 | |
| My parent doesn’t need to learn English because I translate for him/her | .62 | |||
| It is my obligation to translate for my parent | .67 | |||
| My parent has no one else to turn to but me to help translate for him/her | .61 | |||
| My parent has come to depend on me to translate for him/her | .82 | |||
| Disrespect of Parent/Role Reversal | 17.00 (12) | 1.00 | .03 | |
| I do not have respect for my parent because I translate for him/her | .75 | |||
| I have a poor relationship with my parent b/c I translate for him/her | .82 | |||
| My parent is powerless when s/he asks me to translate | .81 | |||
| My parent should think less of him/herself when s/he asks me to translate | .93 | |||
| My parent is unfit to be my parent when s/he asks me to translate | .83 | |||
| My parent and I get into arguments because I translate for him/her | .55 | |||
| I feel more knowledgeable than my parent b/c I translate for him/her | .42 | |||
| Positive Relations with Parents | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| My parent praises me (thinks highly of me) b/c I translate for him/her | .57 | |||
| My parent values my opinion because I translate for him/her | .89 | |||
| I value my parent’s opinion because I translate for him/her | .57 | |||
| Negative Feelings | 7.22 (6) | 1.00 | .02 | |
| I feel helpless when my parent asks me to translate | .86 | |||
| I feel miserable when my parent asks me to translate | .92 | |||
| I feel hopeless because my parent asks me to translate | .89 | |||
| I feel uneasy when my parent asks me to translate | .73 | |||
| I am embarrassed to translate when my parent asks me to | .69 | |||
| I have disappointed parents by translating poorly | .54 | |||
| Adolescent Efficacy | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| I am good at translating | .95 | |||
| I am skilled at translating | .99 | |||
| I am effective at translating | .88 | |||
| Adolescent Independence | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Translating makes me feel independent and mature | .69 | |||
| I feel useful when I translate | .91 | |||
| I feel competent and capable when I translate for my parent | .67 |
Note. n/a = not applicable; these models of three items were fully saturated, and model fit indices are not available.