Table 3. Estimates of population pairwise genetic distance values (F ST) and number of migrants (N em).
| SPA | IRE | ITA | GER | CYP | RUS | ||
| All | SPA | - | 3.24 | 4.05 | 3.01 | 4.09 | 2.96 |
| IRE | 0.024** | - | 4.23 | 3.43 | 3.31 | 2.80 | |
| ITA | 0.009 | 0.019* | - | 5.43 | 4.37 | 6.07 | |
| GER | 0.017* | 0.012* | 0.008 | - | 4.58 | 3.87 | |
| CYP | 0.026** | 0.016* | 0.006 | 0.010 | - | 4.53 | |
| RUS | 0.027** | 0.019* | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.002 | - | |
| Males | SPA | - | 2.89 | 2.22 | 2.57 | 1.69 | 2.59 |
| IRE | 0.037* | - | 2.07 | 2.51 | 1.96 | 1.69 | |
| ITA | 0.022* | 0.012 | - | 2.08 | 2.36 | 2.91 | |
| GER | 0.029* | 0.001 | 0.001 | - | 3.03 | 2.09 | |
| CYP | 0.050** | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.004 | - | 4.09 | |
| RUS | 0.039* | 0.020 | 0.004 | 0.012 | 0.012 | - | |
| Females | SPA | - | 1.67 | 3.44 | 2.58 | 3.22 | 2.37 |
| IRE | 0.021 | - | 1.79 | 2.18 | 3.05 | 2.75 | |
| ITA | 0.012 | 0.034* | - | 3.13 | 3.38 | 2.76 | |
| GER | 0.009 | 0.027* | 0.025* | - | 3.71 | 3.77 | |
| CYP | 0.019 | 0.036* | 0.008 | 0.029* | - | 3.95 | |
| RUS | 0.031* | 0.048** | 0.015 | 0.028* | 0.005 | - |
Estimates of population pairwise genetic distance (F ST) and number of migrants (N em) were computed for all individuals, only males and only females. Below diagonal: F ST pairwise distance values. Above diagonal: the effective number of migrants per generation (N em); *, P<0.05; **, P<0.001; others, P>0.05.